Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND LIGHT DURATION ON MULTIPLICATION RATE OF BANANA (Musa sp.) IN VITRO CULTURE.1051094426910.21608/jpp.2016.44269ENA. H.Abdel AalDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut , Egypt.M. H.Aboul-NasrDepartment of Vegetable, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University , Egypt.S. A.EL-MassryDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut , Egypt.W. M.PisamDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut , Egypt.Journal Article20190807This investigation was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory vegetable department, Faculty of Agriculture, AssiutUniversity, to study the effect of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>) and light duration in-vitro multiplication rate of five subculture on banana. Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>) was add at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm and light duration treatment applied at (darkness for 4 weeks, natural light for 4 weeks, 16 hours light for 4 weeks and 2 weeks at darkness followed by 2 weeks at 16 hours light). Results indicated that light duration treatment are more significantly effect on multiplication rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene contents. Darkness for 2 weeks followed by light 16 hours for 2 weeks recorded the highest rate of multiplication rate. Meanwhile, Magnesium Sulphate and their interactions with light duration treatments are of non-significant effect on multiplication rate. The best results was regard to multiplication and improvement of plant morphogenesis at final stage of development in vitro of Grand Naine Banana when explants incubated at dark for a period 15 days followed by 16 hours light for 15 days. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CAMPHOR LEAF POWDER ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF THE WEED, Bromus rigidus.1111164427310.21608/jpp.2016.44273ENO. M.SlikRice Research & Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh - Egypt.I. H.Abou El-daragRice Research & Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh - Egypt.S. FkerinRice Research & Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh - Egypt.Journal Article20190807This study was conducted at Experimental station of Tajora- Agricultural Research Center for Western during 12/ 2014 and 1/ 2015. It aimed to find out the effect ground leaves of camphor trees, Eucalyptus camaldulensison on seed germination growth of the weed (<em>Bromus rigirdus</em>) .All treatments of ground leaves (1, 2, 3 g./ pot), caused a significant decrease in the length of shoot and radical of weed boshrenta, as well as fresh and dry weight of the weed compared to the control treatment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201ALKALOID CONTENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-BACTERIAL AND OXIDATION EXTRACTS OF THE SPECIES Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (CONVOLVULACEAE)1171224428110.21608/jpp.2016.44281ENS. H.SalihBiology Department - College of Education - Garmian UniversityT. O.AlkhazrajiBiology Department - College of Education - Tikret UniversityA. A.AliBiology Department - College of Education - Tikret UniversityJournal Article20190807Alkaloid content and its components type of the species <em>Cuscuta</em> <em>chinensis </em>wasdetermined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effectiveness of the aqueous extract of the studied species at concentration of 100 mg /ml was evaluated on the growth of four species of pathogenic bacteria positive and negative gram (<em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aurens</em>, <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em> <em>aeruginosa</em> and <em>Kocuria</em> <em>rosea</em>). The anti-oxidant effectiveness of the <em>C.</em> <em>chinensis</em> was studied by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Six alkaloids (Isolupanine, Retmine, Cuscutine, Isoquinoline, Aloperine and Lupanine) were diagnosed and the aqueous extract showed its effective on growth inhibition of the studied species of bacteria. The inhibition proportion reached to 92.49% as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (94.09%).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201INFLUENCE OF INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN MAIZE AND COMMON COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) WEED DENSITIES ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY1231344524610.21608/jpp.2016.45246ENA. E.IsmailWeed Research Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptO. M.MobarakWeed Research Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptI. E.SolimanWeed Research Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190820Common cocklebur is considered a strong weed competitor to maize and distributed all over the world and Egypt. Knowledge about the nature of competition to maize is the key of planning weed management crop strategies in this crop. Then, the aim of this investigation was to determine the economic threshold of common cocklebur for maize. Where two field experiments was conducted in naturally heavily infested soil with common cocklebur at Mallawy Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Centre, EL-Minia Governorate during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
A split-split-plot design with three replicates was used. These experiments included three factors, main plot included two maize hybrids i.e, SC 166 ( Single cross 166) and SC 173 ( Single cross 173) , the sub plot three corn densities of 20000, 24000 and 30000 plants feddan<sup>-1</sup> and the sub sub plot were randomly to common cocklebur densities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants m<sup>-2</sup>.
The main finding of this research show that sown SC173 was high competitive than SC 166 to common cocklebur and reduce its dry weight and gave highest yield and yield component of maize.
Also, increasing maize density reduced in common cocklebur dry weight, ear length, ear weight, grains number ear<sup>-1</sup>, 100- grain weight, plant height and LAI. Maize density at 24000 plant fed<sup>-1</sup> gave the highest grain yield (ard fed<sup>-1</sup>) in both seasons compared to other maize densities.
So, increasing common cocklebur density, decreased common cocklebur dry weight, maize grain yield and yield components such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), ear length, ear weight, grains number ear<sup>-1</sup>, 100- grain weight and grain yield of maize (ardab faddan<sup>-1</sup>).
Maize yield losses at 1, 4 and 8 common cocklebur plants m<sup>-2</sup> reached to 5.2, 22.0 and 44.4 %, respectively, as compared zero common cocklebur plants m<sup>-2</sup> in the first season and calculated from regression equation by 4.9, 21.0 and 42.5 %, respectively, in the second season.
The main findings of this investigation refer that common cocklebur weed should be managed to avoid maize grain yield losses due to its competition through growing maize vigor hybrid such as SC173 with proper plant density at 24000 plant fed<sup>-1</sup> and continues hand pulling any emerged common cocklebur seedling or to use selective recommended herbicides.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON WEEDS AND PRODACTIVITY OF SOME GRAIN SORGHUM GENOTYPES1351464524710.21608/jpp.2016.45247ENA. A.FakkarWeed Research Central LaboratoryA. A.AmirField Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptA. E.IsmailWeed Research Central LaboratoryJournal Article20190820Weed control in grain sorghum is a big challenge because of the limited number of herbicides registered for use in grain sorghum in the world and non of them in Egypt. For this reason a two- year field experiments was conducted at Shandaweel Research Station, Sohag Governorate, during 2013 and 2014 summer seasons to study the effect of the combination of 45 treatments, three rates of nitrogen which were 70, 100 and 130 kg N faddan<sup>-1</sup> and five weed control treatments i.e., Gesagard (prometryne) 50 % FW at 500 g a.i., Stellar star (pyrazolone) 21 % SL at 60 g a.i., Stomp extra (pendimethalin) 45.5% CS at 455 g a.i. faddan<sup>-1</sup>} , hand hoeing twice and un-weeded check on weeds, yield and yield components of grain sorghum genotypes namely hybrid 305 and 306 and Dorado. The experimental design used was a split-split plot with three replications.
Results showed thathybrid 306 gave the highest reduction in dry weight of broad leaved, grassy and total annual weeds accompanied with the highest sorghum grain yield faddan<sup>-1</sup> and its components as compared to other two genotypes in both seasons.
Application of nitrogen rate at 70 kg N faddan<sup>-1</sup> reduced the dry weight of broad leaved, grassy and total annual weeds and gave the lowest sorghum grain yield compared to nitrogen rate at 130 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>.
Weed control treatments had significant effect on dry weight of broad- leaved, grassy and total weedy (g m<sup>-2</sup>) in both seasons. Hand hoeing twice and pyrazolone herbicide reduced the dry weight of total weeds by 86.6 and 80.9 % in the first season and by 87.3 and 81.5 % in the second season and increased sorghum grain yield faddan<sup>-1</sup> by 46.0 and 38.6 % in the first season and 40.9 and 32.0 % in the second season compared with untreated, respectively.
Integration between hybrid 306 and hand hoeing twice and pyrazolone herbicide under nitrogen rate at 130 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>. increased sorghum grain yield, N- uptake and protein % as compared to Dorado genotype with untreated under nitrogen rate at 70 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> in both season.
Under the conditions of this experiment sowing hybrid 306 using hand hoeing twice and pyrazolone herbicide and under nitrogen rate at 130 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> can be recommended to improve sorghum yield productivity.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EVALUATION OF NINE EGYPTIAN BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR SALT TOLERANCE AT SEEDLING AND ADULT-PLANT STAGES1471594524810.21608/jpp.2016.45248ENKh. E.RagabWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt.N. I.TahaSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt.Journal Article20190820The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm and the Laboratories of Wheat Research Department and Soil Physical and Chemical Research Department of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, AgriculturalResearchCenter, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, in 2014/2015 season. The objectives of this investigation were to study salinity effect on different nine bread wheat cultivars, to identify salt tolerance in several growth stages, and to identify salt tolerance screening criteria by studying the relationship between wheat yield under salt affected soil and several growth stages characters. Three experiments were conducted in 2014/2015, i.e., seedling test in the lab (open area), adult plant evaluation in pots in open area and field experiment in normal soil and salt affected soil. Salinization in seedling and pots experiments was established using five levels of Mediterranean Sea water to tap water mixtur (0, 26, 29, 31,33and 35% sea water) which established EC 0.48, 13.5, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0 and 18.0 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The nine cultivars Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza 139, Giza 144, Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 3, Hindi 62, Sids1 and Sids 12 were used. Results indicated that increasing salt concentrations caused significant decrease in shoot dry weight, shoot length, root dry weight, root length and emergence index at seedling stage; plant height, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, number of kernels per spike and kernel weight at adult plant stage; however, shoot root dry weight ratio at seedling stage was increased. The variances due to salt treatments had the major portion of total variance, indicated the large effect of salt stress on growth characters compared to genotypes and genotypes × salt concentration interaction's variances. The treatment 33% sea water mix (17dSm<sup>-1</sup>) seems to be suitable for screening the studied cultivars for salt tolerance. The large variance among the nine cultivars for shoot length, emergence index and shoot-root dry weight ratio under salt stress indicated the importance of these characters in studying the effect of salt stress at seedling stage. Strong and positive correlations were found between biological yield (under salt affected soil) and each of emergence index and shoot length at seedling stage; number of spike per pots, biological and straw yields per pot at adult-plant stage. Based on stress tolerance index, out of the nine studied cultivars, Misr 2 can be classified as salt tolerant cultivar and Gemmeiza 3 and Sids 12 as salt sensitive cultivars.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENT FOR RICE UNDER CLAYED ALKALINE SOILS.1611684524910.21608/jpp.2016.45249ENE. S.NaeemRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33717 Sakha - Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.T. F.MetwallyRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33717 Sakha - Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.I. M.HashemRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33717 Sakha - Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.T. M.AbdEl-MgeedRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33717 Sakha - Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.Journal Article20190820Phosphorus is a macronutrient that plays number of important roles in plants. It is a component of nucleic acids, so it plays a vital role in plant reproduction, of which grain production in an important result. Intensive cropping system, high phosphorus consumer crops, high yielding rice varieties and high soil pH restricted P availability resulted in low rice yield. The experiment was carried out at farm of Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Kafrelsheikh during 2014 and 2015 summer seasons, in clayed alkaline soil, the study aimed to find out the effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of rice in low soil phosphorus. The treatments consist of four cultivars; Egyptian hybrid rice one (EHR1), Sakha102, Sakha106 and Giza179 and five phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels Viz. 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. ha<sup>-1</sup> as single super phosphate (15.5 % P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>). Split plot experiment design with four replications was used. At heading some growth parameters were measured yield and yield attributes were estimated. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were determined.
The studied varieties were certainly differed regarding their yield and yield attributes as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. The Egyptian hybrid rice one (EHR1) apparently surpassed others studied varieties in growth, grain yield and most of yield components characteristics.
All the studied parameters of rice varieties differed significantly with the application of phosphorus fertilizer. Plants grown without added phosphorus gave the lowest grain yield. The higher phosphorus levels exhibited higher grain yield. A significant interaction between varieties and phosphorus levels in respect of yield and yield attributes of rice were observed. The highest grain yield was recorded with Egyptian hybrid rice one at 48 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. ha<sup>-1</sup>.
It could be concluded that high yielding rice varieties, EHR1 and Giza 179 responded to phosphorus fertilizer up to 48 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the medium yielding varieties; Sakha102 and Sakha106 performed better with P level of 36 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha<sup>-1</sup>. The application of phosphorus for rice after heavy phosphorus consumer crop and high pH soil is imperative to fetch high rice grain yield.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF LOW COST GELLING AGENTS AND SOME GROWTH REGULATORS ON MICROPROPAGATION OF Philodendron selloum1691764525010.21608/jpp.2016.45250ENH. M. S.HassanDepartment of Plant Production, Fac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., El-Arish, Suez Canal Univ., EgyptM. A. M.AliDepartment of Plant Production, Fac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., El-Arish, Suez Canal Univ., EgyptDina A.SolimanDepartment of Plant Production, Fac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., El-Arish, Suez Canal Univ., EgyptJournal Article20190820This study was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Environ. Agric. Sci. El-Arish, North Sinai, Suez CanalUniversity during the period from 2012 to 2015. The present studies were undertaken to look for additional cheap and easily available substitutes of agar to be used in tissue culture media. The obtained results show that MS medium supplemented with BA at 8 mgl<sup>-1</sup> resulted in significant increase for all Philodendron growth parameters <em>i.e,</em> number of adventitious shoots/explant, adventitious shoot length (cm), main shoot length (cm) and number of leaves/shoot respectively (4.94, 8.09, 7.60 and 5.33, respectively) after six weeks from culture date comparing with control (MS medium free). However, 12 weeks period was not largely effective in enhancing growth parameters so that, for economical feasibility plants should not be cultured further than 6 weeks. While, in multiplication stage data present that MS medium supplemented with 8mgl<sup>-1</sup> with 0.4 NAA mgl<sup>-1</sup> produced the highest growth values. Moreover, the combination between agar at 4gl<sup>-1</sup> and locust bean (LB) at 4gl<sup>-1 </sup>as gelling agentproduced the maximum growth values. For rooting stage, data clear that number of roots increased and recorded the maximum number (31.67) when shoots of Philodendron were cultured on half MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl<sup>-1</sup> IBA on the absence of activated charcoal. Finally, Rooted plantlets were acclimatized successively and the highest survivability percentage (100%) was achieved by using the media mixture of vermiculite: peat (1:1) and plants irrigated with quarter MS strength after six weeks.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201INFLUENCE OF YEAST NATURAL EXTRACT ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, YIELD AND SOME ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.) PLANT.1771834525110.21608/jpp.2016.45251ENFayza H.NofalAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptM. U.El-SegaiAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptEngy A.SeleemAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190820The present investigation was conducted at the Faculty of Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2012 and 2013 to study the effect of foliar application of yeast natural extract at 2, 4, 8 and 12 g/L on the growth, flowering, yield and certain anatomical structure of marigoldstem and leaf.
Results indicated that all studied traits of growth, flowering and yield well improved due to yeast extract application at the levels of 2, 4 and 8 g/L, whereas decreased at 12 g/L. The maximum increment was detected at 4 g/L due to its positive effect on the anatomical structure of stem and leaf. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201CHILLING TOLERANCE ENHANCEMENT IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum) PLANT BY SPRAYING OF SOME ANTI-STRESS COMPOUNDS.1851954525210.21608/jpp.2016.45252ENHoda I.AhmedVegetable Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Agric.
Ministry, Egypt.Abeer I.ShabanaVegetable Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Agric. Ministry, Egypt.A. Y.ElsayedVegetable Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Agric. Ministry, Egypt.Journal Article20190820 Two field experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at El-Baramoun farm, Mansoura Horticulture Research station to study the effect of spraying by ATP (100ppm), amino acids (2.5ml/l), glycinebetaine (50ppm), salicylic acid (20ppm), Zinc (100ppm) and Boron (50ppm) compared with tap water (control treatment) on vegetative growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, mineral constituents, yield components and fruit quality of tomato cv. Super strain B grown under low temperature conditions. Significant increases in vegetative growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents were recorded relative to corresponding control treatment. ATP treatment was more pronounced in these increments. Marked increases were observed in N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn percentages as a result of all applied treatments. However, Zn treatment decreased N and P percentages and gave the highest percentage of Zn during both seasons. B treatment at 50ppm had the highest fruit set percentage, while ATP treatment had the highest yield per plant, early yield and total yield per feddan. In addition, all spraying treatments significantly enhanced tomato fruit quality characters (TSS, TA, VC and lycopene), except for salicylic acid treatment which had no effect on TA (tetratable acidity) relative to control plants. The behavior of most studied traits was not changed from season to other except Chl A, N%, Ca%, F set%, YP, TSS and lycopene indicating the magnitude of the environmental factors on the genetic expression of these traits as controlled by more than one gene. In view of the obtained results, it was found that vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato plants cv. Super strain B could be enhanced under cold stress condition by spraying by anti-stressor under study (ATP, amino acid, glycinebetain, salicylic acid, Zn or B). It is worthy to mention that ATP spraying treatment at 100 ppm was the most optimum treatment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201COOKING QUALITIES EVALUATION FOR WHITE AND BLACK RICE MIXTURE.1972024525310.21608/jpp.2016.45253ENNessreen N.BassuonyRice Research and Training Center (RRTC). Agriculture Research CenterMona A.El AbedFood engineering and packaging research Dept., Food science technology Research institute, Agriculture Research CenterJournal Article20190820Four rice varieties namely Giza 177, Sakha 105, Sakha 106 and Black rice were evaluated for physical, chemicals and cooking traits. Giza 177 (white rice) and black rice were mixed to three different mixed ratios (25% black rice: 75 % Giza 177), (50% black rice: 50 % Giza 177) and
(75% black rice: 25 % Giza 177), were analyzed for chemical, cooking characters and the mixtures were cooked to panel test. Rice cultivars indicated that the highest mean values of grain dimension traits were calculated for Black rice and the lowest one for Sakha 106 cultivar, also no significant difference between Black rice and Giza 177 were observed. No significant was found between the three white rice varieties for milling characters, while the black rice recorded the lowest one. Highly significant differences for cooking quality traits were recorded except in gelatinization temperature. Black rice’ variety had the highest value in protein and ash while recorded the lowest values in fat and carbohydrate content .Highly significant differences between the two rice varieties and their mixtures in all the studied characters except in gelatinization temperature and moisture content, Panel test recorded that mix (25% black rice and 75% white rice) was the best and it increase the protein content with a little change in testMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF REPLACING MINERAL NITROGEN BY ORGANIC MANURES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON: A. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF “ANNA” APPLE TREES2032164532810.21608/jpp.2016.45328ENG. B. Y.MikhaelDeciduous Fruit Trees Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Manal A.AzizSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190821 This investigation was carried out during three consecutive seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2013 to study the effect of irrigation regime, organic fertilization treatments and their interaction on some soil chemical and physical properties, vegetative growth and nutritional status of “Anna” apple trees budded on Malus root stock grown on clay soil at Tanta district, El-Gharbia Governorate. Results were only taken in 2012 and 2013 seasons. In this respect, three irrigation regimes at 70, 50 and 30% of available soil water (I<sub>1</sub>, I<sub>2</sub> and I<sub>3</sub>) were used and cattle or chicken organic manures was applied at 0, 50, 75 and 100% combined with mineral N at 100%, 50%, 25% and 0% of the recommended dose of 400 g/tree/year in seven fertilization treatments (F<sub>1</sub>-F<sub>7</sub>).
The obtained results indicated that, soil physical and chemical properties except for pH and EC were significantly influenced by the tested organic fertilization and irrigation treatments in both seasons. The best results in increasing the percentage of organic matter and organic carbon, total porosity, aggregation parameters and reducing soil bulk density were obtained by increasing the application rate of organic manures up to 100% and using moderate irrigation rate at 50% AW (I<sub>2</sub>) compared to high (I<sub>1</sub>) or deficit (I<sub>3</sub>) irrigation one.
Data of both seasons cleared that, shoot and leaf growth parameters, trunk cross section area-increase as well as average number and fresh weight of fibrous roots were significantly increased with increasing irrigation rate up to 50, 70% AW. However, fertilization of 50% cattle or chicken manure + 50% mineral fertilizer (F<sub>2</sub> or F<sub>5</sub>) resulted in the highest significant values of these vegetative growth parameters. The application of (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>), (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>), (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) and/or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) considered to be the best combination treatments for enhancing vegetative growth of “Anna” apple trees.
Obtained data revealed that application of cattle or chicken organic manure alone (F<sub>4</sub> & F<sub>7</sub>) significantly increased leaf macro and micro nutrients as well as total chlorophyll contents, but significantly reduced free proline content. Moreover, fertilizing with chicken manure alone surpass of cattle manure alone in enhancing leaf mineral content. On the other hand, reducing irrigation rate up to 30% AW led to a significant reduction in leaf macro and micro-nutrients and total chlorophyll content, while, leaf free proline content was significantly increased in both seasons of study.
The maximum values of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and total chlorophyll content were produced by (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>7</sub>), (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>4</sub>) and/or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>7</sub>) combination treatments without significant difference among them, while the minimum values recorded with (I<sub>3</sub> x F<sub>1</sub>) treatment in both seasons.
Thus, this study recommended “Anna” apple growers to apply 50% cattle or chicken manure + 50% mineral N fertilizer under moderate irrigation regime in (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) which considered to be the best combination treatments for improving the most of soil physical and chemical properties, saving irrigation water with 11.73% and keeping soil moisture content which enhanced top and root system growth and leaf mineral and chlorophyll contents under clay soil conditions. By this treatment organic manures can reduce the need for about 50% of N mineral fertilizers, minimizing both production cost and environmental pollution which could be occurred by excess of chemical fertilizer.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF REPLACING MINERAL NITROGEN BY ORGANIC MANURES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON: B.PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF “ANNA” APPLE TREES2172304532910.21608/jpp.2016.45329ENG. B. Y.MikhaelDeciduous Fruit Trees Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Manal A.AzizSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190821This study was conducted through three successive seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2013 to investigate the effect of three irrigation regimes at 70%, 50% and 30% of available soil water and seven fertilization treatments include replacing 50%, 75% and 100% of mineral nitrogen by cattle or chicken organic manure comparing to 100% mineral fertilizer and their interaction on productivity, fruit quality and some water relations of “Anna” apple trees budded on <em>Malus</em> rootstock grown on clay soil at Tanta district, El-Gharbia Governorate. Results were only taken in 2012 and 2013 season.
<strong>The obtained results could be summarized as follows:</strong>
- Yield of “Anna” apple tree as fruits number and their weight (kg) as well as total yield (ton/fed) were gradually increased by increasing irrigation rate from 30% to 70% of available soil water due to the increase of fruit set% and reduced preharvest fruit drop % in both seasons.
- Application of 50% chicken or cattle manure + 50% mineral fertilizer (F<sub>2</sub> & F<sub>5</sub>) produced maximum tree yield as fruits number and weight (kg) also total yield ton/fed. followed by 100% mineral. While, minimum yield correlated to that fertilized with 100% cattle or chicken manures in the two seasons of study .
- Highest yield kg/tree and ton/fed. were produced when “Anna” apple trees grown under high or moderate irrigation regimes (70 or 50% AW) and received 50% cattle or chicken manure + 50% mineral N fertilizer in (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>), (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>), (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) and/or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) combination treatment without any significant differences among them while, trees subjected to severe water stress (30% AW) and fertilized by 100% cattle or chicken manure in (I<sub>3</sub> x F<sub>4</sub>) or (I<sub>3</sub> x F<sub>7</sub>) treatment gave the least significant values in both seasons.
- Increasing irrigation level resulted in a significant increase of fruit weight, volume, dimensions but reduce fruit firmness and TSS and anthocyanin contents. Meanwhile, nitrate and nitrite contents insignificantly affected with irrigation regime.
- The heaviest and largest fruits were recorded by adding nitrogen as 50% cattle or chicken manure + 50% mineral fertilizer followed by applying mineral fertilizer alone while, the lightest and smallest fruits were produced by using organic manure alone. Moreover, increasing the rate of organic manure in fertilization program significantly improved the chemical properties of apple fruit in term of increased total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin contents but reduced nitrate and nitrite contents.
- Data of both seasons revealed that, the interaction (I x F) was significant and maximum fruit weight, volume and dimensions belonged to (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>), (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>), (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) combination treatments without significant difference among them. While, the least values obtained by (I<sub>3</sub> x F<sub>4</sub>) or (I<sub>3</sub> x F<sub>7</sub>) treatment. In addition, red color% and anthocyanin content of apple fruit skin were significantly highest under (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) treatment. Meanwhile, the control treatment (I<sub>1</sub> x F<sub>1</sub>) obtained the least values.
- Minimum values of seasonal water consecutive use, m<sup>3</sup> (CU) recorded with deficit irrigation rate. On the contrary, the maximum values belonged to high irrigation level. Furthermore, the highest significant values of water use efficiency (WUE) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) kg/m<sup>3</sup> obtained when tree irrigated at moderate irrigation regime (50% AW).
- Trees fertilized with 100% cattle or chicken manure consumed the least values of water. Meanwhile, tree irrigated at 50% AW gave the highest significant values of water use efficiency and productivity of irrigation water. However, the interaction (I x F) was significant in both seasons and the highest values of WUE and Piw were recorded by (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>).
Thus, this study recommended “Anna” apple growers to irrigate their trees at 50% available water and apply 50% cattle or chicken manure plus 50% mineral N fertilizer in (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>2</sub>) or (I<sub>2</sub> x F<sub>5</sub>) combination treatment which consider the best one for producing maximum yield with good quality, beside, reducing water consumptive use and increasing water use efficiency and productivity of irrigation water.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201THE EFFECT OF CRUDE YEAST EXTRACT VERSUS ITS POLYSACCHARIDE FRACTION ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD, SILYMARIN CONTENT AND LEAF ANATOMY OF Silybum marianum (L.) GAERTN.2312374533010.21608/jpp.2016.45330ENHeba M.IbrahimBotany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University,35516, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20190821
For the aim of contrasting the effect of crude yeast extraction (CYE) with that of its polysaccharide fraction (YEPF) on growth, seed yield, silymarin content and leaf anatomy of <em>Silybum marianum</em> plants, CYE or YEPF was applied twice as a foliar spray at either 0 (as control), 3 or 6 gL<sup>-1</sup>. Results indicated that CYE was more effective on plant growth whereas YEPF was more beneficial for the plant’s reproductive processes, resulting in higher seed yield per plant compared with CYE.
Moreover, though both CYE and YEPF induced the accumulation of silymarin in plant organs, higher silymarin content in seeds, capitula, leaves and stem was recorded in response to the treatment with YEPF. In addition, the application of either CYE or YEPF at 6 gL<sup>-1</sup>, preferabaly with the latter enhanced the photosynthetic and translocative components of the leaf tissues. The mechanism through which either CYE or YEPF affect plant growth, seed yield and silymarin accumulation was discussed. It could be concluded that utilization of yeast extract as an <em>in vivo </em>elicitor is feasible and that YEPF is preferred over CYE for enhancing seed yield and silymarin content in <em>S. marianum</em> plants.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201TRAITS CORRELATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DROUGHT TOLERANCE BETWEEN SELECTED SOYBEAN CULTIVARS2392474533110.21608/jpp.2016.45331ENHeba M.IbrahimBotany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University,35516, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20190821The present study aimed to determine differences in drought tolerance between three widely-cultivated soybean cultivars in Egypt. Two field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm and laboratories of the Agric. Bot. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt during the two growing seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experimental design was a split-plot with two irrigation regimes in the main plots (control and water stress) and three cultivars in the sub-plots (Giza 22, Giza 35 and Giza 111).
Results indicated that drought stress decreased seed yield, dry biomass, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), whereas increased phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and proline content differentially between the tested cultivars. Drought tolerance index of cv. Giza 111 was significantly higher than other studied cultivars and this was accompanied with higher biomass accumulation, RGR, NAR, RWC, MSI as well as higher content of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and proline. It was concluded that cv Giza 111 is better-adapted to drought-affected areas and could be utilized in breeding programs aiming to increase drought tolerance in soybean.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF MAGNETIZED IRRIGATION WATER LEVELS AND COMPOST ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, LEAF MINERAL CONTENT AND WATER USE EFFICINECY OF WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE TREES2492554533210.21608/jpp.2016.45332ENM. F. M.MostafaPomology.Dept.Fac.Agric., Mansoura. Univ., Egypt.M. S. S.El-BorayPomology.Dept.Fac.Agric., Mansoura. Univ., Egypt.A. M. N.ShalanPomology.Dept.Fac.Agric., Mansoura. Univ., Egypt.A. H.GhaffarPomology.Dept.Fac.Agric., Mansoura. Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190821This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 on 6 years old, Washington Navel orange trees (<em>Citrus sinensis</em> L.) budded on sour orange rootstock. Tree spaced at 5 x 5 meter and grown on sandy soil and irrigated with saline water (EC was 4 ds/m) under drip irrigation system in private orchard located at El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. The objection to study the impact of different levels of magnetized irrigation water and compost on growth, leaf mineral content and water use efficiency (WUE) of Washington Navel orange tree growing on sandy soil under drip irrigation saline water. Three levels of magnetized irrigation water 3658.5, 2743.8 and 1829 m3/fed. with and without compost at 4kg/tree along with control (non-magnetic water).
Results indicated that, the highest values of vegetative growth parameters i.e., shoot length, shoot thickness, number of leaves/shoot, leaf area/leaf, as well as chemical constituents of leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) obtained by trees irrigated with magnetized water levels combined with or without compost. Leaf Na content were increased under control treatment(non-magnetic water). The best results of both vegetative growth parameters and chemical constituents of leaves were recorded when trees irrigated with magnetized water at level 1(3658.5m3/fed/season) + 4kg compost followed by level 2(2743.8 m3/fed/season) + 4kg compost, while the highest yield efficiency (YE) and WUE obtained from irrigation treatment at level3(1829 m3/fed/season) + 4kg compost in both seasons .Therefore, magnetizing water at level 1+ 4kg compost or level 2+ 4kg compost treatment could be recommended for improving citrus trees performance under saline water conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201RESPONSE OF EGYPTIAN HYBRID RICE VARIETY TO SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM SULFATE FERTILIZER2572624533310.21608/jpp.2016.45333ENE. S.NaeemRice Res. &Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center, 33717 Sakha – Kafr El-sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20190821Use of efficient K dose is an important complementary strategy in improving rice yield, quality and reducing cost of production. The price of K fertilizers is getting higher day by day and becoming unaffordable to farmers. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient that affects most of the biochemical and physiological processes that influence plant growth and metabolism of rice.
Field experiments were conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons at the farm of Sakha Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt to compare foliar application of Potassium Sulfate (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) with soil application of Potassium sulfate and their combination on yield of Egyptian hybrid rice 1(EHR1) crop. Five treatments from potassium sulfate as a soil application or a foliar application and their combinations were used. The increase in panicle number/m<sup>2</sup> and panicle weight were a maximum when half dose of recommended potassium as basal (59.5 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) + 2% Potassium sulfate as a foliar application were applied at panicle initiation (P.I). Grain yield of the treatment K<sub>3</sub> (half recommended dose of potassium as basal + 2% potassium sulfate as foliar application at P.I) proved to be superior over all treatments. Among all treatments tested the highest values of potassium uptake was observed in K<sub>3</sub>. Our results suggested that foliar application of Potassium sulfate at 2 % concentration 15 days after transplanting and at P.I was active, appropriate and could produce rice yield equal to the yield obtained with soil application of potassium sulfate at the rate of 119 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. From the economic point of view side, spraying with Potassium Sulfate at the concentration of 2%, 15 days after transplanting (DAT) plus spray with the same concentration at panicle initiation (PI) was the best treatment to grain more yield with high economic value.
<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201POSSIBILITY OF AMMONIUM NITRATE APPLICATION TO FLOODED RICE SOILS2632694533710.21608/jpp.2016.45337ENE. S.NaeemRice Res. &Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center, 33717 Sakha – Kafr El-sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20190821The rice plant is capable of using both ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen, but fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen are inefficient because nitrate is lost by leaching or denitrification in flooded rice soils. But, sometimes farmers are forced to use some fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate instead of urea for the second application of nitrogen fertilizer in flooded rice soils. A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station in 2014 and 2015 to know and understand the optimum way for ammonium nitrate utilization at the second dose of nitrogen application and compare the effects of N sources (ammonium nitrate and urea) at the second dose on yield components and yield of rice variety Giza 179 in experiment laid out in a Random Complete Block Design replicated thrice.
The two years data during 2014 and 2015 revealed that all the yield parameters, yield, nitrogen uptake and available nitrogen increased significantly with an application of T<sub>1</sub> {2/3 recommended as a urea (Basal application) + 1/3 of N recommended as urea onto drained soil then flooded immediately (Top dressing)}
These results were statistically at par in most parameter with that of treatment T<sub>2</sub> {(2/3 of recommended as a urea(Basal application) + 1/3 of recommended as ammonium nitrate in saturated soil then flooded immediately (Top dressing)}. The lowest values of yield and yield attributes were found when T<sub>4</sub> {2/3 recommended as a urea(Basal application) + 1/3 of recommended nitrogen as ammonium nitrate onto drained soil then flooded immediately (Top dressing)}.
The study recommended that in the case of having to use ammonium nitrate as a second dose of nitrogen fertilizer, it need to apply in saturated soil then irrigated immediately.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIME AND OLIVE VEGETATION WATER (OVW) TREATED WITH CYANOBACTERIA ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITIES OF OLIVE TREES.2712824533910.21608/jpp.2016.45339ENA. A.El-TaweelDepartment of Olive and Semi-Arid Zone Fruits, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.A. A.AlyDepartment of Olive and Semi-Arid Zone Fruits, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.Soha S. M.MostafaDepartment of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.Journal Article20190821The experiment was conducted during the two growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 on 13-year old <em>Manzanillo</em> olive trees in sandy loam soil, under drip irrigation system in a private farm located at km 50 of Cairo –Alexandria road in the north west of Egypt. The trees are cultivated at 5×8 m. apart and grown under standard cultural practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of olive vegetation water (OVW) treated with mixed culture of cyanobacteria strains (<em>Nostocmuscorum</em>, <em>Anabaena oryzae</em> and <em>Spirulina platensis</em>) onManzanillo olive trees under different irrigation levels and to highlight the economic advantages of these practices in improving fruit quality and crop yields. Processes to reduce the toxicity of OVW and make it acceptable for disposal onto soil or into receiving waters were reviewed. The effect of four treatments of different irrigation regime and olive vegetation water(OVW) with Cyanobacteria. Treaments were:a- control: 3400m3/feddan/year(100%) b.3400m3/feddan/year(100%)+2 liter OVW plus cyanobacteria was diluted in 22 liter of farmwater/tree, C- 2550m3/feddan/year(75%) of the control+2 liter OVW plus cyanobacteria was diluted in 34 liter of farm water/tree, d- 1700m3/feddan/year(50%) of the control +2 liter OVW plus cyanobacteria was diluted in 46 liter of farm water/tree. Data showed that application of irrigation at 100% (irrigated with 2 liter/ tree of OVW plus Cyanobacteria) and diluted in 22 liter of farm water/tree and added in six months (January up to June) each two weeks gave the highest vegetative growth, flowering characteristics, yield and fruit oil content. Moreover, the same treatment significantly increased N, P, and Mn. This treatment would be recommended under this study and also under similar conditions and which confirmed by the economic study.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN AND MICROELEMENTS FOR SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN SANDY SOILS2832884534110.21608/jpp.2016.45341ENA. I.BadrAgron. Dept., Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190821Two field experiments were carried out in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons at Al-Hossein Agricultural Society Farm at 64 km, Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Giza Governorate, Egypt (latitude of 31.14<sup>0 </sup>N and longitude of 31.39<sup>0</sup> E) to find out the effect of nitrogen and some microelements fertilization on yield and quality of sugar beet variety (Pleno) in a sandy soil. The present work included twelve treatments, which were the combinations of three N levels (70, 90 and 110 kg N/fed) and four levels of microelements (control, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 l/fed) of Cetreen including chelated Fe, Zn and Mn. A strip plots design with three replications was used in this work. Results indicated that applying 110 kg N/fed resulted in the highest values of fresh and dry root and top yields/fed, in the 2<sup>nd</sup> season. There were insignificant differences among N levels in their effect on fresh root yield/fed in the 1<sup>st</sup> season. Moreover, results showed that adding 70 kg N/fed produced the maximum sucrose%, extractable white sugar%, purity% in both seasons. Sugar yield/fed was significantly increased by increasing nitrogen level up to 90 kg N/fed in both seasons. Foliar applications with 2 and/or 2.5 l Cetreen/fed significantly increased root, top and recoverable sugar yield/fed and improved sucrose% and purity% in both seasons.
In general, it can be concluded that applying 90 kg N/fed with the addition of 2.0 l Citreen/fed can be recommended to produce the highest yield and quality of sugar beet under the environmental conditions of sandy soils.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID AND POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME SUGAR BEET VARIETIES IN SANDY SOIL2892974534210.21608/jpp.2016.45342ENS. A. A. M.EnanAgron., Res. Dept., Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt (ARC)E. F. A.AlyVar. Maintenance Res., Dept.,Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt (ARC)A. I.BadrAgron., Res. Dept., Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt (ARC)Journal Article20190821Two field experiments were conducted at Al-Noran Farm, Al-Abtal Village-East of Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate (latitude of 30<sup>0</sup> 18 N and longitude of 32<sup>0</sup> 30 E) in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to evaluate the performance of three sugar beet varieties and their response to different levels of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of sugar beet crop (<em>Beta vulgaris </em>var. <em>saccharifera, </em>L.) under sandy soils conditions irrigated by center pivot system. The present work included twenty seven treatments, which were the combinations of three mono-germ sugar beet varieties: (1. Natoura, 2. Henrike and 3. Polat varieties), three levels of humic acid (without humic acid; 10 liter and 15 liter of humic acid/400 liter water/fed, furthermore three levels of potassien-P compound (30% K<sub>2</sub>O and 8% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/l as foliar application): without potassien ; one liter and 2 liters /400 liter water/fed. Humic acid treatments were added twice after full emergence and 10 days later after the initial spray. Potassien levels were sprayed twice at 6-8 and at 8-10 leaf stage later. The treatments were arranged in strip split plots design with three replications in the two seasons.
Results indicated that varieties significantly differed among them where, Polat variety show the superiority over the other two tested varieties and recorded the highest values of root diameter, fresh and top weights/plant, top yield/fed in both seasons as well as root and leaves dry weights% in 2<sup>nd</sup> season, while insignificant differences were found between Polat and Henrike varieties in root diameter and top fresh weight/plant in the 1<sup>st</sup> season, root fresh weight/plant and LAI in the 2<sup>nd</sup> season. There were no significant differences among varieties in their impact on gross and corrected sugar yields/fed in both seasons.
Soil application of 15 l humic acid treatment led to significant increase in most of traits where, it achieved thickest and heaviest tops and roots/plant and higher values of root and top dry weights%, leaf area index, root and top dry weights/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fed in both seasons as well as gross sugar% and corrected sugar% in 2<sup>nd</sup> season only, as compared to 10 liter humic acid/fed. While, there were no significant differences among the two rates in their impact on gross and corrected sugar yields/fed in both seasons.
Foliar application of 2 l potassien/fed increased LAI, root diameter, root and top fresh weights/plant, root and top dry weights%, gross sugar%, corrected sugar%, quality index, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons as well as reduced Na and alpha amino-N contents in comparison to the check treatment.
The interaction between tested sugar beet varieties and humic acid levels showed that significant increase in root dry weight% in both seasons, root fresh weight/plant in the first season and quality index in 2<sup>nd</sup> season when Polat variety planted in soil treated with 15 liter humic acid/fed. While, sowing Polat variety in soil was treated with 10 liter humic acid/fed recorded the highest significant value in top fresh weight/plant in the 1<sup>st</sup> season only.
The interaction effect between tested sugar beet varieties and potassien levels indicated that Polat variety sprayed with 2 liter potassien/fed was more distinguished as compared to the other two varieties.
The interaction effect between humic acid and potassien levels revealed that the highest significant values in root fresh weight/plant, root dry weight% in both seasons, top fresh and dry weights/plant in the 1<sup>st</sup> season, as well as root and gross sugar yields/fed in 2<sup>nd</sup> season were between soil application of 15 liter humic acid along foliar application of 2 liter potassien/fed in both seasons.
it could be concluded that sowing polat variety fertilized with combination of humic acid at rate of 15 liters/fed as a soil applicaion along with sprayed 2 l/potassein/fed to get the maxiumum of root and sugar yields/fed |in sandy soils under center pivot irrigation system.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201ALKALOID CONTENTS AND ANTI-OXIDANT EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRACTS OF THE Orobanche aegyptiaca L. AND Orobanche ramosa L. (OROBANCHACEAE)2993044534310.21608/jpp.2016.45343ENS. H.SalihBiology Dept.- College of Education - University of GarmianT. O.AlkhazrajiBiology Dept.- College of Education - University of TikretK. M. S.IbrahimBiology Dept.- College of Education - University of TikretJournal Article20190821Total alkaloids content of both <em>Orobanche aegyptiaca</em> and <em>Orobanche ramose</em> Was detected using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The different kinds and concentration of alkaloids were also studied. Anti-oxidant effectiveness of both species was investigated using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In <em>O. ramose</em> five alkaloids were identified (Lupanin, Sparteine, Oxoretamine, Isospartein and Oxosparteine), in case of<em> O. aegyptiaca</em> only four alkaloids were identified (Lupanine, Spartein, Isosparteine and Oxosparteine). The highest level of alkaloids was found in <em>O. aegyptiaca</em> (138.93 µg/gm) and the rate inhibition of free radicals was (85.31%).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON BARLEY (Hordeum Vulgare L.) PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AFFECTED SALINITY REGIONS3053104534510.21608/jpp.2016.45345ENM. Sh.Abd EL-MaaboudPlant Production Dept., Agronomy Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190821<span>Two field experiments were carried out under saline water irrigation conditions at Ras Sudr Experimental Station, South Sinai, Egypt during 2008/2009 & 2009/2010 growing seasons. The main objective was aimed to study the effect of tow saline irrigation water levels i.e. 3700 ppm and 6300 ppm on barley yield and some yield attributes i.e. plant height, number of tillers/plant, number of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, number of leaves/plant, flag leaf area, peduncle length, spike length, biological yield and grain yield by using three different irrigation systems i.e. drip irrigation (DI), furrow irrigation (FI) and gated pipe irrigation (GPI) systems. Performed pipes which include 110 mm PVC pipes (6 bars) to convey water to the furrows in GPI irrigation system .Such pipe equipped with gated holes (25 mm) to control the water discharge. The distance between each hole is about 75 cm. Drip irrigation was performed by the distance about 40 cm between drip irrigation lines. The drip holes were about 20 cm between holes in the same line. Every irrigation system was irrigated by constant quantity of water as recommended for the region. The obtained results showed that increasing irrigation water saline level significantly decreased yield and all yield attributes studied of barley under the three irrigation systems. The high values of the growth characters and biological and grain yield were obtained by using drip irrigation system under 3700 ppm salinity followed by using gated pipe irrigation system compared with furrow irrigation system. Whereas under high saline irrigation water (6300 ppm) level the lowest values of all growth and yield and some yield attributes were obtained by using drip irrigation system compared with gated pipe irrigation and furrow irrigation systems. </span>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36697220160201PERFORMANCE OF SORGHUM AND PEARL MILLET FORAGE CROPS PRODUCTIVITY BY USING DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENTS UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS3113164534810.21608/jpp.2016.45348ENKh. H.HassanPlant Production Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptM. Sh.Abd El-MaaboudPlant Production Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptM. DrazSand Dunes department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptH. El ShaerAnimal Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190821The present study was carried out at South Sinai Research Station, Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons. Two field experiments were carried out on two forage local varieties i.e. sorghum, hybrid 102 (<em>Sorghum bicolor L. </em>Moench) and pearl millet, Shandweel 1, (<em>Pennisetum glaucum </em>L.,R. Br.) irrigated with saline water (4000 ppm) under calcareous soil (53.6ْ% CaCO<sub>3</sub>) with pH values of 7.5-8.1, sandy to sandy loam as soil texture. The first one was conducted to study the response of two forage crops, sorghum and pearl millet to soil mulching with defoliated leaves of <em>Casuarina</em> sp. or without mulching aiming to reducing evaporation and increasing soil moisture content. The second one was carried out to study the effect of N rates as soil application i.e. 100, 75 and 50% of N dose recommended, 80 kg/ha, as a basal dose and after each cut as well as foliar application with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% urea before 2-3 weeks from any cutting time. The aim of this trial was to evaluate utilization of the proper soil N dose with supplementary by foliar application of urea to avoid the increase of soil salinity.
The main obtained results of the first experiment showed that soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching, whereas, these increments were decreased gradually from the 1<sup>st</sup> cut to the 3<sup>rd</sup> cut. However, pearl millet forage crop had a significant increase in the above mentioned characters as compared with sorghum crop.
Results of the second experiment indicated that forage yield of the 1<sup>st</sup> cut was reduced with decreasing soil N application from 100% to 50% of N recommended dose. Forage yield of pearl millet crop produced more than 2 folds of sorghum crop under salinity conditions, however, forage yield of sorghum and pearl millet crops were reduced about 43.2% and 29.7%, respectively with decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dose. These results indicated that pearl millet crop was more adapted to salinity conditions of South Sinai conditions. These findings may be due to pearl millet forage crop showed the fact that higher value of slope for salinity tolerance (7.1 dSm<sup>-1</sup>) than that of sorghum crop (4.8 dSm<sup>-1</sup>), although the two forage crops attained the same values of the threshold of salinity (4.0 dSm<sup>-1</sup>). In the 2<sup>nd</sup> cut, irrespective of N fertilizer either soil or foliar applications, pearl millet forage crop had about four folds of that obtained for sorghum crop. Regarding application of soil N doses, application of 75% dose showed the highest value of forage yield, whereas, the lowest dose produced the lowest forage yield. This means that fertilized with 75% the recommended dose more suitable under saline conditions of Sinai. In addition, forage yield was increased by 55.8% with increasing foliar application by urea levels from 0.5% to 1.5%.
It could be recommended that pearl millet forage crop is more adapted and suitable for saline conditions at South Sinai governorate, under using soil mulching. Moreover, foliar application of urea at 1.0 and 1.5% with 100, and 75% of recommended N dose and enough to obtain higher return for pearl millet and sorghum forage crops, respectively.