Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EVALUATION OF SOME NEWLY DEVELOPED YELLOW MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR COMBINING ABILITY IN TWO LOCATIONS4667467916677710.21608/jpp.2008.166777ENA. A.BarakatMaize Research Section, Field Crops Research Institute , A.R.C., EgyptM. M. A.OsmanMaize Research Section, Field Crops Research Institute , A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20210426Thirteen new yellow maize inbred lines were top crossed to three tester, lines (Gm. 1002 , Gm. 1004 and Gm. 1021) during summer season of 2006. The resultant 39 top crosses with three single crosses checks i.e. 155, 3084 and 3080 were evaluated for grain yield, days to 50 % silking, resistance to late wilt disease, plant and ear heights traits at Gemmeiza and Nubaria Agricultural Research Stations in 2007 summer season. Mean squares for locations exhibited highly significant differences for all of the studied traits. Variances of crosses and their partitions ; Lines (L), Testers (T) and L x T interaction were highly significant over locations and their combined data variances for each of crosses, lines and testers by location and Line x Tester x loc. were highly significant in the two locations and combined data .
Non-additive genetic variance played an important role in the inheritance of all studied traits , except grain yield, which was affected by additive genetic variance ,while, values of K<sup>2</sup> S.C.A. x Loc. was higher than values of K<sup>2</sup> G.C.A. x Loc. for all of the studied traits. Gm. tester inbred line 1021 found to be the best combinor for grain yield, which manifested better G.C.A. effects and high grain yield average performance followed by Gm. 1002 and Gm. 1004 respectively. Results showed that crossing of Gm. 1021 inbred line tester with the tested fife inbred lines i.e. 409 , 401 , 430 , 425 and 417 significantly out yielded the best check S.C. 155(31.15 ard./fed.) by 3.35 , 2.35 , 2.05 , 1.85 and 1.45 ard./fed. respectively. However there were three tested lines i.e. 406 , 414 and 419 yielded 32.8 , 33.3 and 33.4 ard./fed. respectively with the tester line Gm. 1002 and significantly were better than the best check hybrid. Also there were 3 significantly promising new single cross with tester line Gm. 1004 i.e. Gm. 1004 x 404 , Gm. 1004 x 411 and Gm. 1004 x 417 gave 34.3 , 32.7 and 32.7 ard./fed. respectively. Therefore these eleven new yellow single crosses might be advanced to another steps for testing and releasing as new yellow single cross hybrids. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOME FLAX FAMILIES WITH THE TWO COMMERCIAL VARIETIES, SAKHA 1 AND SAKHA 24681469316678210.21608/jpp.2008.166782ENH. M. H.Abo-KaiedFiber Crops Res. Department, Field Crops Res .Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Amany M. M.El-RefaieFiber Crops Res. Department, Field Crops Res .Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Afaf E. A.ZahanaFiber Crops Res. Department, Field Crops Res .Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Journal Article20210426Three field experiments were conducted at the experimental Farm of Etay El-Baroud , El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. These trials included forty eight families sown in F<sub>5</sub>, F<sub>6</sub> and F<sub>7 </sub>generations at the three successive seasons, 2004/05, 2005/06 and 2006/07, respectively. The objective of this investigation is to compare these families through three generations when with the two commercial varieties, Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 for yield and yield components as well as fiber and oil quality characters.
Mean squares due to families were significant for straw, seed weight and their components as well as for technological traits, fiber percentage, fiber fineness and oil percentage in all tested generations. For phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variability and broad sense heritability (H%), the slight discrepancy between PCV and GCV for straw weight components (plant height and technical stem length) and also for seed weight components (No. of capsules and 1000-seed weight) with high heritability estimates in each of the three generations under study, indicated the presence of genetic variability among tested families for these characters and that selection in advanced generations would be effective for improving the above-mentioned traits.
Five families (No. 46 followed by 27. 43, 44 and No. 20) were superior for both seed and straw yields per fed, four of them (No. 46, 44, 43 and No. 20) were also superior for the two fiber technological characters, fiber percentage and fiber fineness. It is notable that the three families (No.43, 44 an No.46) are derived from the hybrid (S.2419/1 x S.148/6/1), whereas family No.20 and No.27 are belonged to the two hybrids (Giza 7 x S.2419/1) and (Giza 8 x S.2419/1), respectively. Therefore, these families (specially family No. 46) are recommended to be released and become as substitute for the commercial varieties Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 after evaluation in more locations before releasing as new commercial varieties for fiber and oil yields (as dual purpose type).
Phenotypic (r<sub>p < /sub>) and genotypic (r<sub>g</sub>) correlation coefficients concluded that, straw weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with both of plant height and technical stem length. Seed weight per plant, exhibited positive association with each of capsules number per plant, 1000-seed weight, plant height and technical stem length, indicating that flax yield improvement could be achieved through selection for seed weight and high straw components (plant height and technical stem length). Fiber percentage showed positive association with both of straw weight per plant and fiber fineness, indicating that selection for a genotype characterized by high yielding ability for fiber yield and high fineness is possible.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701GENETIC STUDIES ON YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES IN SOME FLAX HYBRIDS UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS4697471516678810.21608/jpp.2008.166788ENH. M. H.Abo-KaiedFiber Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Amany M. M.El-RefaieFiber Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210426The present investigation was conducted using six flax genotypes with their 15 F<sub>1</sub> crosses grown under two environments (Giza Exp.Station, Giza Governorate and Ismailia Exp.Station, Ismailia Governorate) to determine combining ability and gene action of some agronomic flax characters in these entries (parents and their crosses). In 2007/08 season, the six parents {P<sub>1 </sub>(S.541-A/5), P<sub>2 </sub>(Sakha 3) , P<sub>3 </sub>(S.435/11/10/3), P<sub>4 </sub>(Gentiana), P<sub>5 </sub>(Elona) and P<sub>6 </sub>(Escalina)} and their 15 progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the two above- mentioned locations.
High ratio of GCA/SCA revealed that additive played greater role than non-additive genetic effects in the inheritance of straw weight and its two important components (plant height and technical stem length) as well as seed weight and its two important components (No. of capsules per plant and 1000-seed weight) under the two environments and combined analysis. On the other hand, the non-additive genetic effects played an important role in the inheritance of No. of basal branches per plant. Mean squares of interaction between environment and both types of combining ability for most studied traits revealed that the magnitude of both additive and non-additive types of gene action varied from environment to another. Whereas the non-additive genetic effects are more influenced by drought environment than additive effects in each of straw weight, plant height, seed weight and No. of capsules per plant. In contrast, additive genetic effects were more influenced by environment than non-additive effects in both technical stem length and No. of seeds/capsule. The two parents, P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> showed significant positive g<sub>i</sub> effects for straw weight, seed weight, No. of capsules per plant and 1000-seed weight in both environments and the combined data. For S<sub>ij</sub> effects, the two crosses, P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>4 </sub>and P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>6 </sub>for straw weight in addition the two crosses, P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>5</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>xP<sub>3</sub> for seed weight and 1000-seed weight included low x high general combiner parents. Therefore, these crosses are suitable in breeding program for increasing the previous characters. Concerning drought tolerance, P<sub>3</sub> for each of straw weight, seed weight, No. of capsules and 1000-seed weight; P<sub>4</sub> for plant height; P<sub>5</sub> for technical stem length and P<sub>1</sub> for each of plant height, No. of basal branches per plant and 1000-seed weight exhibited high yielding ability with tolerance to drought. Also, the cross, P<sub>4</sub>xP<sub>5</sub> exhibited high yield potential with moderate tolerance to drought for each of straw weight, plant height and technical stem length. While, the cross P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>5</sub> only exhibited high yielding potential and stress tolerance for all seed characters. In the meantime’s this cross (P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>5</sub>) showed high SCA effects for seed weight and its two important components. Hence the two crosses, P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>5</sub> and P<sub>4</sub>xP<sub>5</sub> may be useful as potential breeding material for developing genotypes tolerant to sandy soil conditions for seed and straw weight, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701RESPONSE OF YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF SOME BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SEEDING RATE UNDER OLD LAND CONDITIONS4717473616679110.21608/jpp.2008.166791ENA. R.RamadanField Crop Res. Institute. ARC, Giza, Egypt.S. S.AwaadField crop Res. Institute Control. Lab. for Des. And stat. Anal. Res.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were performed in the experimental Farm, at Zankalon, Water Requirements Research Station, El-Sharkia Governorate, Water Management and Irrigation Systems Research Institute, National Water Research Center (NWRC), Egypt during two successive seasons at 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the response of yield and yield attributes of some bread wheat varieties i.e., (Sakha 93 , Giza 168 and Gimmeiza 9) to irrigation levels ( 100% of field capacity , 80% of field capacity and 60% of field capacity) and seeding rates ( 60 , 70 and 80 Kg./feddan) under in old land conditions. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Increasing irrigation levels from I<sub>3</sub> ( 60% of field capacity) to I<sub>1</sub> ( 100% of field capacity) gives significant for plant height, number of grains/spike , number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup>, 1000 grain weight, grain yield/feddan and straw yield/feddan with in significant differences between I<sub>1</sub>( 100% of field capacity) and I<sub>2</sub> (80% of field capacity). Increasing irrigation levels from I<sub>3</sub> (60% of field capacity) to I<sub>1 </sub>(100% of field capacity) was in significantly affect for spike length, number of spikelets/spike and spike grain weight.
The cultivar Giza 168 gave taller plants followed by Gimmeiza 9, while Sakha 93 had shorter plants. The cultivar Gimmeiza 9 gave the longest spikes and much number of spikelets and grains /spike and number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup> followed by Sakha 93 and Giza 168 cultivars Gimmeiza 9 and Sakha 93 cultivars. significantly surpassed Giza 168 for 1000-grain weight and grain yield/feddan. Meanwhile, Giza 168 significantly surpassed Sakha 93 and Gimmeiza 9 cultivars in straw yield/feddan. However significant was showing with increasing seeding rate for plant height, number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup>, and grain and straw yields/feddan with no significant differences between 60 to 70 Kg. /feddan in one side and from 70 to 80 Kg. /feddan for both grain and straw yield /feddan. However, the increasing seeding rate from 60 to 80 Kg. /feddan significantly increased plant height and number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup>. However, increasing seeding rates from 60 to 80 Kg./feddan decreased significantly, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains /spike and 1000-grain weight with no significant difference between 60 to 70 Kg./feddan. Raising seeding rates from 60 to 70 or 80 Kg./feddan did not significantly affect spike grain weight.
Grain yield (ardab/feddan) was positively and significantly correlated with each of plant height (0.598919*) and number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup> (0.679488*). While the relation was positive and insignificant with each of spike length ( 0.212270 ) , number of spikelets/spike (0.448344) , number of grains/spike (0.268315) spike grain weight (0.539816),1000-grain weight(0.457077) and straw yield/feddan (0.331902).
Results of interactions between irrigation levels and varieties , between irrigation levels and seeding rates and between seeding rates and varieties recommended that Gimmeiza 9 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I<sub>2</sub> ( 80% 0f field capacity ) and at seeding rates of 80 Kg./feddan. While Giza 168 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I<sub>2</sub> (80% 0f field capacity) and at seeding rates of 70 Kg./feddan. However, Sakha 93 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I<sub>1</sub> (100% 0f field capacity) and at seeding rates of 70 Kg. /feddan.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701RESPONSE OF GROWTH, YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS AND MICROENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF COTTON PLANT TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS, PLANT DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITIES4737474916679510.21608/jpp.2008.166795ENSanaa G.GebalyCotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, GizaJournal Article20210426Two field experiments were conducted during summer seasons of 2006 and 2007. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of relationship among nitrogen level and plant distribution with growth, yield and its components and micro environmental factors in cotton fields.
Twelve treatments which were the combination of three plant densities and distribution of cotton cv.80 i.e 45000, 60000 and 75000 plants /fed. were resulted from inter ridge widths (80, 40 and 60 cm) within ridge spacing (20, 15 and 15 cm) and (two, one and two plants/hill) respectively. And four nitrogen levels (55, 70, 85 and 100 kg N/fed.) were assigned in split-plot design with four replication. Environmental characters were determined at 70, 100, 130 and 160 days from sowing.
The data revealed that plant length and the number of leaves/plant were significantly increased by increasing nitrogen levels from 55 to 100 kg N/fed. The rate of increased was higher at the addition of 100 kg N/fed. as compared with other nitrogen rates. Increase nitrogen levels decreasing boll weight and cotton yield/fed. As the nitrogen rates increased, the light penetration was significantly decreased as the lower third of plant, the air canopy, leaf and soil temperature were tended to decrease. Also the relative humidity (R.H) in cotton canopy tended to increase by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. This was true at the different stages of growth (i.e. 70, 100, 150 and 160 days from sowing)during the two successive seasons of 2006 and 2007. By increasing the plant density from 45000 to 75000 plants per feddan., length plants were increased, but the number of leaves and fruiting branches/plant was decreased significantly. Boll weight and seed cotton yield/plant and feddan increased by decreasing plant density from 75 to 45 thousand plants/fed. in both seasons. As the plant density per unit area increased the light penetration was significantly decreased. The decrease was greater at the lower third as compared with that mid plant. also increasing plant density, the air canopy, leaf and soil temperature (<sup>0</sup>c) were decreased at 70, 100, 130 and 160 days after sowing in both seasons, the relative humidity tended to increase by increasing the plant density from 45000 to 75000 plants/fed.
All the interaction between plant density and distribution and nitrogen levels on growth, micro environmental factors in cotton field at different stage of growth i.e 70, 100, 130 and 160 days after sowing and yield and its components in this investigation did not reach the 5% level of significance.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, NITROGEN LEVELS AND FOLIAR APPLICATION UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOILS4751476016679910.21608/jpp.2008.166799ENM. A.BadawiAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.S. A.EL-MoursyAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. H.El-HindiAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. M. E.BorhamAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station Farm in Kalabsho and Zayian Region, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the two successive winter seasons of 2004/2005 and 2006/2007 to determine the effect of two irrigation systems (flooding and sprinkling), four nitrogen levels (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg N/fed) and foliar application with some commercial compounds (Nervatin-vet and Maxifert) as well as their interactions on growth, yield and its components and quality of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>, L.) Sakha 93 cultivar.
<strong>The main results of this study can be summarized as follows:</strong>
Irrigation of wheat plants through sprinkling method significantly increased all studied characters as compared with flooding irrigation in both seasons.
Concerning the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels the all studied characters were remarkably increased as a result of increasing nitrogen levels from 60 up to 120 kg N/fed in both seasons.
Application of foliar compound containing macro and micro elements (Nervatin-vet) resulted in a significant increased in grain yield and straw yields and its components as compared with the compound containing microelements alone (Maxifert) and control treatment in both seasons. Maxifert exceeded control treatment in all studied characters.
It can be concluded that in order to maximizing wheat crop productivity it must be irrigated through sprinkling irrigation system and mineral fertilized with 120 kg N/fad as well as foliar fertilized with some commercial nutrient compounds that contain macro and micro elements such as Nervatin-vet under the environmental conditions of Kalabsho and Zayian district as a newly reclaimed sandy soils.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701COMPARISON BETWEEN RING AND COMPACT SPUN FROM LONG STAPLE EGYPTIAN COTTON VARIETIES4761476916680710.21608/jpp.2008.166807ENSohair E. D.ElayanAgronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.Amany M.AbdallaAgronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.Nafisa T.AhmedCotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptEman R.El-SayedCotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210426This study has been done to compare ring and compact yarns spun from Egyptian long staple varieties .six long staple cotton varieties were used as Giza 80, Giza 83, Giza 90, Giza 85, Giza 86 and Giza 89 ,chosen to produce 40's count yarn spun at three different twist multiplier;3.2, 3.6 and 4.0. The obtain data cleared that:- The compact spun yarns at low twist level had better yarn property values - thin and thick places, nep values, yarn hairiness, yarn evenness, yarn strength and elongation at break (%) - than the conventional ring spun yarns for long staple Egyptian cotton varieties in the same twist level .i.e. yarn strength of the compact yarn was 11%higher than the conventional ring spun yarn. In addition, Compact yarns reached maximum strength at a lower twist multiplier than conventional ring yarns. Increasing twist caused a reduction in the number of thin and thick places and yarn hairiness in both compact and ring yarns While Elongation at break and Strength values increased with higher twist for both spinning systems. The data revealed that, Giza 86 variety was superior in fiber strength (cN/tex) and Giza 90 variety was superior in yarn evenness and hairiness values than other varieties.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EVALUATION OF YIELD POTENTIAL, GENETIC VARIANCES AND CORRELATION FOR NINE CULTIVARS OF ALFALFA UNDER THE NEW VALLEY ENVIRONMENT4771477616681110.21608/jpp.2008.166811ENM. M.Abdel-GalilForage Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst. ARC. Giza, Egypt.N. M.HamedForage Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst. ARC. Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210426In the period of 2004-2006, field trails were conducted at the New Valley Res. Station to evaluate the yield potential and genetic variances among alfalfa cultivas; a new Synthetic (Wady Syn.), four promising populations ( Serw<sub>1</sub>, Serw<sub>2</sub>, Nitrogen fixation and salt tolerant ), three commercial varieties ( Siwa, Ismailia<sub>1</sub> and Ismailia<sub>94</sub>) and a local cultivar ( Wady ). Twenty cuts were obtained during 2005 and 2006. The combined analysis of variance over two years indicated that Wady Syn. population ranked first for fresh and dry yields ( 72.3 t fed<sup>-1</sup> and 18.9 t fed<sup>-1</sup> ) and other studied traits significantly different from other tested cultivars. The commercial variety Ismailia<sub>94</sub> ranked second ( 66.55 and 17.2 t fed<sup>-1 </sup>). Regarding plant height, tillers and leaf to stem ratio (LSR), WadySyn. recorded the highest values (48.2 cm, 416.7/m<sup>2</sup> and 47.6 %) significant from Ismailia<sub>94</sub> which recorded 45.6 cm, 362.3 m<sup>2</sup> and 43.3 %, respectively. Significant positive correlation among either fresh forage yield or dry forage yield and other traits. The values of genotypic coefficient of variation for fresh and dry forage yields revealed relative variations among the tested cultivars which were less influenced by environment. The environmental variation ranged from 4.4% to 33.3% and the genetic advance ranged from 3.9% to 14.5%.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFICIENCY OF SOME WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (Zea mays, L.) PLANTS AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS.4777478916681610.21608/jpp.2008.166816ENS. A.AhmedBotany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.H. M.ShamsBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt.I. M.El–MetwallyBotany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.M. N.ShehataBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt.Mona A.El–WakeelBotany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of the National Research Centre at Shalakan, Kalyoubia Governorate, Egypt, to study the influence of some weed control treatments i.e. Fluroxypyr (0.2 L / fed), Isoproturon (1.0 L / fed), Metribuzin (300 gm / fed), Tribenuron- methyl (8 gm / fed), Metosulam (0.03 L / fed), Bentazon (0.75 L / fed), Oxadiargyl(250 gm / fed), two hand hoeing and unweeded as check treatment on growth, yield, yield attributes, chemical composition of maize grains and study the response of associated weeds during the two successive seasons of 2006 and 2007.The main findings could be summarized as follows:
Weed control treatments had a significant effect on number, fresh and dry weight of maize weeds after 60 and 80 days from sowing (DFS). Two hand hoeing and Fluroxypyr provided the best treatments in controlling broad leaved weeds. Two hand hoeing, Metribuzin, Oxadiargyl and Fluroxypyr were significantly the best control treatments of grassy and total weeds up to 80 days after maize sowing as compared to other weed control treatments. Plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and leaves / plant were statistically increased as a result of controlling weeds. Two hand hoeing recorded the highest values of the previous characters followed by Metribuzin and Fluroxypyr treatments. Whereas, unweeded treatment showed the lowest values for all characters under study.
Two hand hoeing and the herbicidal treatments markedly increased yield and yield attributes, i.e. weight of ears / plant, ear length (in the first season), number of kernels / row and grain yield / fed. Maximum values of the previous characters were recorded from two hand hoeing, Metribuzin, Fluroxypyr and Oxadiargyl treatments. Weed control treatments significantly increased chemical composition of maize grains when compared with unweeded check. The highest values of carbohydrates and protein percentages were obtained from two hand hoeing followed by Metribuzin and Fluroxypyr treatments. Meanwhile, the highest values of oil percentage were recorded by application of Metribuzin followed by Fluroxypyr, Oxadiargyl and two hand hoeing treatments.
It could be summarized that for maximizing maize yield and its quality by two hand hoeing treatment or using Metribuzin as pre – emergence herbicide and / or using Fluroxypyr as post – emergence after 21 DFS under the environmental conditions of the experiment. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFECT OF RICE HUSK RATES AND IRRIGATION INTERVALS ON YIELD AND SOME GRAIN QUALITY OF RICE.4791480116682010.21608/jpp.2008.166820ENA. I.El-AgamyDept. of Agron., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo.M. A. A.ElsayedDept. of Agron., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo.A. A.El-HissiwyField Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza.M. A.DarwishField Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were carried out at Zarzoura Agric. Res. Station, Etai El-Baroud, Behaira Governorate, during 2004 and 2005 seasons. It aimed to study the effect of husk rates (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 tons/fed.) and irrigation intervals (4, 8 and 12 days during the growth stages) on growth, yield and its attributes as well as some grain quality characters of Giza 178 rice cultivar.
The differences between husk rates for root length, root dry weight,shoot dry weight, number of panicles/m<strong><sup>2</sup></strong>, number of spikelets/panicle, panicle weight, number of filled grain /panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield /fed., harvest index and broken percentage were significant in both seasons, while, amylase percentages was not significant in both seasons. Husk at the rate of 4 ton/fed. gave the highest values for all studied attributes, while, control treatment (zero husk rate) gave the highest broken percentage in the two seasons. Irrigation at 4 days interval significantly increased average values of all estimated rice yield studied attributes in the two seasons. While irrigation at 12 days interval gave the highest length and dry weight of root and broken percentages in both seasons. The interaction between husk rates and irrigation intervals was significant for most studied attributes in both seasons.
Appling husk rice at the rate of 4 ton /fed. under the longest irrigation intervals (12day) increased grain yield by 65.31% and 38.72% as compared with without added husk rice under the same irrigation treatment in 2004 and 2005 seasons, respectively.
From results of this experiment, it may be concluded that, the adding 4 ton husk/ fed. with irrigation every 4 days interval gave the highest grain yield/ fed. on rice under the condition of this investigation at El- Behaira Governorate.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFECT OF SOME RESISTANCE INDUCERS AND THE FUNGICIDE TELDOR 50% IN CONTROLLING STRAWBERRY GRAY MOULD CAUSED BY Botrytis cinerea4937494416682210.21608/jpp.2008.166822ENMervat R.HilallPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptS. H.MostafaPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210426The resistance inducers, <em>i.e.</em> Ammonium bicarbonate, Bion, Photophor, Oxalic acid and Salicylic acid as well as the fungicide Teldor 50% caused significant reduction in the linear growth of the fungus <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> on PDA medium. This reduction was increased by increasing the concentration of these chemicals. Furthermore, the fungicide Teldor 50% was the most efficient in this regard compared with the tested resistance inducers.
Application of the tested chemicals as dipping, spray and dipping + spray resulted in significant reduction in the gray fruit rot caused by <em>B. cinerea</em>. This reduction was, somewhat, in the same trend of the reduction in the linear growth. Also, the reduction in the infection by fruit-rot reflected on the obtained marketable fruit yield.
Application both resistance inducers and the fungicide Teldor 50% caused considerable increases to the activity of oxidation reduction enzymes, i.e. polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and ascorbic acid.
In general, combined treatment was superior in this regard.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701MANAGEMENT OF OKRA POWDERY MILDEW4945495616682710.21608/jpp.2008.166827ENEffat A.ZaherPlant Pathol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ. , Giza , Egypt .K. A.AbadaPlant Pathol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ. , Giza , Egypt .Marwa A.ZytonPlant Pathol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ. , Giza , Egypt .Journal Article20210426 Four trials of disease management, <em>i.e. </em>varietal resistance, methods of irrigation, antioxidants and fungicides were tested to evaluate their role in managing okra powdery mildew caused by <em>Erysiphe cichoracearum </em>DC.
The four tested okra cvs. were liable to infection by the disease.. However, Japanese cv. )resistant) showed the lowest infection and gave the highest fruit yield followed by Hendi cv. (moderately resistant).Meanwhile, both Balady Red and Balady Green cvs. were highly susceptible and gave the lowest fruit yield.
Methods of irrigation ,<em> i.e. </em>drip , flood and spray caused significant variations in the severity of the disease. Spraying method resulted in high reduction in the disease with great increase in fruit yield compared to the other two methods.
All the tested antioxidants,<em> i.e.</em> ascorbic acid, citric acid, manitol and salicylic acidcaused significant reduction in the disease severity with significant increase in the fruit yield compared to the control treatment. In addition, salicylic acid was the most efficient one in this regard followed by citric acid then ascorbic acid. Meanwhile, manitol showed the lowest effect.
All the tested fungicides, <em>i.e. </em>Karathane, Rubigan, Sumi-8, Thiovit Jet, Topas and Vectra caused significant reduction in the percentages of the germinated conidia of<em> E.cichoracearum</em>. In addition, Topas followed by Sumi-8 then Rubigan and Vectra (systemic fungicides) caused the highest inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, Thiovit Jet followed by Karathane (non-systemic fungicides) showed the lowest effect.
Spraying okra plants with the tested fungicides caused significant reduction in the severity of the disease compared to control treatment. The reduction in the disease severity showed, to some what, the same trend of the effect of tested fungicides on conidial germination. This reduction in the disease was reflected on the obtained fruit yield.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701STUDIES ON THE ABILITY OF BARLEY PLANT FOR GROWTH AND WEED COMPETITION UNDER SALINE AND CALCAREOUS SOILS CONDITIONS4957498016683110.21608/jpp.2008.166831ENM. H.El-DeekAgron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., GizaA. Abd El-ShaheedAgron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., GizaA. S.Abdel NabyPlant Genetic Resources Dept., Desert Research Center, Egypt.H. M.El-SharkawyPlant Genetic Resources Dept., Desert Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20210426Two successive growth seasons were conducted at Two locations in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons.1-Wadi Sudr Agricultural Experimental Station, Desert Research Center South Sinai Governorate (saline soil). 2-Maryut Agricultural Research Station, DesertResearchCenter, at Maryut region, 35 Kms. west Alexandria (sandy and calcareous soil). This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three weed control treatment and three foliar application as well as three biofertilizer treatments on acclamation and improving growth, yield and its components as well as the Chemical composition of barley plant grown under saline and calcareous soil conditions . Split split plot design with three replications was used, the main plots were devoted at random to the weed control, i.e., Topik140 g/fed , Derby 30Cm/fed and tap water as a control and three foliar application treatments, i.e., Kcl 2% , Biomagic 3Kg/fed and tap water as a control in the sup plot as well as three biofertilizer treatments, i.e., Nitroben 1Kg/fed and Seryalen 800g/fed and tap water as a control in the sub sub plots . The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Topik as a weed control treatment was better than Derby for all growth traits, yield and yield components as well as chemical composition of barley plant under saline and calcareous soil in 2005/2006 and 2006/ 2007 growing seasons. However, Kcl 2% as a foliar application recorded the highest significant mean values for all growth traits, yield and yield components as well as chemical composition of barley under saline soil during both seasons. Biomagic 3Kg/fed. Surpassed the other foliar application for increasing growth traits, yield and its components as well as accumulation of carbohydrates, protein and prolein contents in barley plants under calcareous soil during both seasons. Generally, inoculation of seeds by Seryalen biofertilizer treatment was better than Nitroben for growth traits yield and its components in addition, chemical composition of barley plant as compared with the control under saline and calcareous soils condition.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF HAPLOID PLANTS BY UNPOLLINATED OVULES CULTURE IN SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo, L.)4981499216683610.21608/jpp.2008.166836ENM. A.BadawiDepartment of Vegetable Crops , Faculty of Agric., Cairo Univ. , EgyptE. I.MetwallyDepartment of Vegetable Crops , Faculty of Agric., Tanta Univ. , EgyptSahar S.TahaDepartment of Vegetable Crops , Faculty of Agric., Cairo Univ. , EgyptMarwa O.ArafehDepartment of Vegetable Crops , Faculty of Agric., Cairo Univ. , EgyptJournal Article20210426<strong> </strong>Production of haploid plants using techniques such as anthers and ovule culture has long been considered important for genetic studies and plant breeders. These haploid plants can be used to produce homozygous dihaploid plants useful for plant breeding .This study is concerned with the production of dihaploid plants of <em>Cucurbita pepo </em>L. from ovule culture technique, gynogenic plants of squash were successfully produced by <em>in vitro</em> culture from unpollinated ovules at one day before anthesis. The ovules were placed on two media induction. Two temperature procedures were compared: 1) cold pre-treatment at 4ºC for 0,8,16 days of all three genotypes. The highest number of plantlets per 100 ovules was obtained from Rosina (22.5) ovules cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l Kin without cold treatment. While Eskandarani cv. gave the highest number of embryogenic callus on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D at 8 days . 2) Cold (4ºC) and heat (35ºC) shocks post-treatment of Eskandarani cv. for 0, 4, 8, 16 days. The highest number of plantlets per 100 ovules (17.0) was obtained from ovules cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D at 35ºC for 16 days, On the other hand, the highest number of embryogenic callus (100.0) was obtained from ovules cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D at 4 days for 35ºC. Plantlets were acclimatized in the controlled environment. In each genotype, the root tips of plantlets were cytologically examined for ploidy level.
The derived plants are classified to 64% haploid and 36 % diploid. Therefore, the ovule culture could be used as efficient method for haploid production in squash. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701COMBINING ABILITY AND TYPE OF GENE ACTION FOR GRAIN YIELD AND SOME OTHER TRAITS USING LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN NEWLY YELLOW MAIZE INBRED LINES (Zea mays L.).4993500316684010.21608/jpp.2008.166840ENR. S. H.AlyMaize Research Program, FCRI, ARC, EgyptE. A.AmerMaize Research Program, FCRI, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20210426 Fourteen newly yellow inbred lines of maize were topcrossed with the two inbred line testers; Giza-638 and Giza-649 at Sids Agricultural Research Station in 2005growing season. The 28 topcrosses in addition to two yellow single crosses; SC 155 and SC 3084 as check varieties were evaluated in 2006 season at two locations; Sakha and Sids Agric. Res. Stns. The studied traits were number of days from planting to date of 50% silking, plant height, ear height, infection of late wilt% disease, number of ears/100 plants and grain yield in (ard/fed). Highly significant differences were found between the two locations for the studied traits, these finding indicated that the traits differed from one location to another. Significant and highly significant mean squares for crosses, lines and testers were observed for all studied traits. Mean squares of lines x testers interaction were highly significant for silking date, no. of ears/100 plant and grain yield. Interactions between crosses, lines, testers and line x testers with locations were not significant. The parental inbred lines that exhibited desirable general combining ability (GCA) effects were L<sub>4</sub>, L<sub>5</sub>, L<sub>7</sub>, L<sub>12</sub>, for plant height toward shorter plants and ear height toward lower ear placement. Line-<sub>4</sub> had negative and significant GCA effects for 50% silking toward earliness, L<sub>5</sub> for grain yield, L<sub>9</sub> for no. of ears/100 plants, L<sub>10</sub> for no. of ears/100 plants and grain yield, L<sub>14</sub> toward earliness and grain yield and L<sub>2</sub> for grain yield. Generally, these inbred lines could be recommended for advanced stage of evaluation by maize program. Giza-638 (T<sub>1</sub>) tester was good general combiner for days to 50% silking toward earliness and ear height toward lower ear placement. While, Giza-649 (T<sub>2</sub>) tester was good general combiner for no. of ears/100 plants and grain yield. The highest SCA effects were observed in the topcrosses L<sub>8</sub> x T<sub>2</sub>, L<sub>13</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>14</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> for grain yield, L<sub>8</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> and L<sub>9 </sub>x T<sub>2</sub> for no. of ears/100 plants, L<sub>7</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> for infection of late wilt% and L<sub>12</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> for earliness. Estimation of general combining ability variance components (<sup>2</sup>GCA) was larger than that of specific combining ability variance components (<sup>2</sup>SCA) for silking date, plant height and ear height, indicating that additive was found to be more important than non-additive gene action for these traits. While, the <sup>2</sup>SCA was larger than <sup>2</sup>GCA for infection of late wilt%, no. of ears/100 plant and grain yield, indicating that the non-additive genetic variance played the major role than additive genetic variance in the inheritance of these traits. Topcrosses were significantly superior to the check SC 3084 (26.66 ard/fed) for grain yield, silking date (toward earliness), plant height (toward shorter plants) and ear height (toward lower ear placement). Generally, eight topcrosses; L<sub>8</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> (37.44 ard/fed), L<sub>14</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> (37.40 ard/fed), L<sub>2</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> (36.05 ard/fed), L<sub>10</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> (35.96 ard/fed), L<sub>9</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> (35.32 ard/fed), L<sub>5</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> (35.24 ard/fed), L<sub>13</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> (34.89 ard/fed) and L<sub>11</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> (34.76 ard/fed) were superior to the check SC 155 (34.08 ard/fed) for grain yield. Also, the three topcrosses; L<sub>2</sub> x T<sub>1</sub> (34.27 ard/fed), L<sub>6</sub> x T<sub>1 </sub>(34.24 ard/fed) and L<sub>10</sub> x T<sub>2</sub> (34.53 ard/fed) were highly mean of grain yield, but they were not significant different from than the highly check SC 155.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701ANATOMY OF THE TRANSITION REGION OF Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. (MUNG BEAN).5005501616684310.21608/jpp.2008.166843ENA. I.El-ShaarawiDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptAwatif A.MegahedDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptRania M. A.NassarDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210426Seedlings of <em>Vigna radiata</em> (L.) Wilczek (Mung bean) were examined by light microscopy to study vascular development through the transition region. The beginning of vascular transition took place about one centimeter below the soil surface by the appearance of a pith between the large central vessels. At the higher level, pith parenchyma increased and the vessels are separated into four groups. The protoxylem maintains its peripheral position, but the metaxylem instead of differentiating toward the center, diverges laterally from the protoxylem. At successively higher levels, the hypocotyl axis widens and the distances between the protoxylem poles as well as the divergence of each xylem arms increased. The reorientation of primary xylem took place gradually upward. The length of the transition region from a point where the axis is exarch and protostele to a point where the xylem form approximately endarch condition was about two centimeter. Thus, most stages of vascular transition in mung bean seedling occur in the lower portion of the hypocotyl, and the reorientation of vascular tissue from exarch radial to the endarch collateral arrangement may be completed in the upper portion of the hypocotyl.
The behavior of vascular cambium activity and the difference in maturation degree at the different levels of the hypocotyl indicating that the upper portion of mung bean hypocotyl is older than the lower one. Adventitious root primordia were recorded at the basal portion of hypocotyl and their development was associated with the activity of vascular cambium.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF THE AFRICAN MARIGOLD Tagets erecta L.5189519116684510.21608/jpp.2008.166845ENK. MassoudDept. of Horticulture, Fac. of Agric., Lahg, YemenJournal Article20210426African marigold (<em>Tagetes erecta</em> L.) plants were planted 12x25, 25x30, 30x60 and 40x90 cm apart during 1991/1992 and 1992/1993 under the condition of Lahg Governorate, Yemen in order to study the effect of planting density on growth and flower characteristics of the plants. Results showed that increasing the planting spaces between plants over 12v25 cm resulted in significant increase in plant height, weight and flower production and quality. No significant increase in plant weight or flower production and quality were achieved when spaces between plants exceeded 30x60 cm.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE ON GROWTH AND FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS OF Zinnia elegans L. UNDER CONDITIONS OF LAHG GOVERNORATE, YEMEN5193519516684810.21608/jpp.2008.166848ENK. MassoudDept. of Horticulture, Fac. of Agric, Abstact Lahg, YemenJournal Article20210426An experiment was carried out during the successive seasons of 1990/1991 and 1991/1992 at thenursery of Horticulture Dept., Naser college of Agriculture, Lahg, Yemen, to study the effects of three planting date (last week of Sept., last week of Nov., and last week of Jan.) on growth and flower characteristics <em>Zinnia elegans</em> L. under field condition. Results showed that neither plant height not flower head diameter were not affected by planting date however, early (last week of Sept.) and late (last week of Jan.) plantings resulted in better plant fresh weight and number of leaves/plant then medium planting date. Early planting date resulted in heightest fresh weight of flower.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EVALUATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE APPLICATIONS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Casuarina cunninghamiana WOOD5197520816685010.21608/jpp.2008.166850ENM. A. M.Abdel-AalForestry and Wood Tech. Dept., Horticulture Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center,A. S.MoharebForestry and Wood Tech. Dept., Fac. of Agric.,Alexandria Univ.N. D.ShettaForestry and Wood Tech. Dept., Fac. of Agric.,Alexandria Univ.Journal Article20210426The effect of sewage sludge treatments and tree heights on chemical composition of nine years old <em>Casuarina cunninghamiana</em> wood was evaluated at North West Coast of Egypt. Three treatments (control, dried sludge and sewage sludge) and three heights levels (stem base, breast height and 50% of total stem height) were investigated using different standard methods. The results generally indicated that, wood chemical constituents were varied widely among the treatments and heights levels. The extractives, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents were exhibited highly significant differences among the tested treatments. The sewage sludge treatment increased extractive and ash content, while the extractives, cellulose and lignin contents decreased with increasing of tree height levels. The determined cellulose contents at the different treatments (control, dried sludge and sewage sludge) were 41.14%, 40.28% and 44.30%, while the hemicellulose content were 29.68%, 29.11% and 26.72% respectively. From the results, there is a clear influence for sewage sludge application on the chemical composition of <em>Casuarina</em> wood at different height levels. This is very important to chemical technologists and wood scientists working on pulp wood quality of hardwoods. Finally, the use of the sewage sludge as fertilizer for woody trees is a proper alternative for solving of the problems of disposal of sewage sludge. From a practical point of view, the sewage sludge application can be also increase cellulose content and reduce the lignin percentage in the treated tree. This trend can be contributed in achieve a high pulp yield from wood.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701RESPONSE OF SOME FLAX GENOTYPES TO BIO, PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION AND SOME MICRONUTR-IENTS APPLICATION5209522216685210.21608/jpp.2008.166852ENT. A.Abou ZaidFiber Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Nawal G.GhalyMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst. A.R.C. Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were carried out at Gemmiza Res. Station, Gharbia Governorate, Agric. Res. Center during the two successive seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 to study the response of three flax genotypes namely Sakha 1 , Sakha 2 and S.2465/1 to six fertilizer treatments, i.e., 0 (control), calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), Phosphorein (P-biofertilizer), Phosphorein + calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), Coatingein (Zn + Fe + Mn chelates) + calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) and Phosphorein + Coatingein + calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>). A Split plot design with four replications was used. The results of this investigation could be summarized as follow:
The flax variety Sakha 1 exhibited highest fiber yield/fed, highest value of the major unsaturated fatty acid Linolenic, refractive index, specific gravity, and recorded least peroxide value of oil. While, it ranked the second after Sakha 2 in straw yield/fed, and the lowest estimates in all straw characters obtained by S.2465/1. In the same time, the flax strain 2465/1 ranked the first and surpassed Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 in seed yield/plant as well as per feddan, number of capsules/plant, oil yield/fed and oil percentage.
Moreover, maximum straw and seed yields were obtained by using the mixture of fertilizer phosphorein + calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)+ coatingein .
Phenotypic correlation coefficients among straw yield / plant exhibited significant positive correlations with each of plant height, technical length, seed yield / plant and number of capsules / plant. Also, seed yield exhibited significant positive correlations with each of number of capsules, number of apical branches, plant height , technical length and stem diameter. These results, supports the evidence for the possibility of isolating genotypes characterized with high straw yielding ability and simultaneous high seed potentialities.
In conclusion, Sakha 1 was the first one preferred for food and medicinal purposes followed by S. 2465/1. So, it could be recommended to plant of Sakha 1 genotype to produce high fiber yield with the high oil quality and S. 2465/1 to produce high yield of seed and oil with the addition of phosphorein + calcium superphoshate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) + coatingein. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON DORMANCY BREAKING, GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF CAROB SEEDS5223523316685510.21608/jpp.2008.166855ENL. E. F.El-SaidHort. Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.A. S. H.EL-DeinHort. Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Amal A. E.EL-AwadyHort. Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210426This work was conducted during two successive seasons of 2006 and 2007 to compare the effect of some natural and chemical pre soaking treatments on germination of strongly hard coated carob seed and seedling subsequent growth performance. Natural treatments included : soaking seeds into hot water, soaking scarified seeds into emulsion of essential oils, soaking seeds into emulsion of essential oils in hot water. Whereas, chemical treatments included : soaking seeds into sulfuric acid, formic acid, sulfuric + formic acids, hydrogen peroxide, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and scarified seeds into NAA solution. All treatments in comparison with soaking into water at ambient temperature (control) and mechanical scarification the common pre sowing traditional method for hard coat seeds. In all cases, soaking period was 24 hrs.
All treatments were significantly varied in their effect on germination %, germination rate and velocity as well as subsequent seedling growth characters (seedling length, root length, number of leaves and dry weight). All treatments except formic acid were significantly superior than the control, also, most treatments were superior than the traditional scarification in both seasons.
The most effective natural treatments of the highest significant value for germination and growth parameters were soaking scarified seeds into sage oil emulsion, soaking non scarified seeds into emulsion of mint oil in hot water, soaking non scarified seeds into emulsion of sage oil in hot water. These treatments increased the germination % and the seedling dry weight. The germination % were 100 %, 98 % and 95 % respectively and 42.5 % and 0.0 % for the traditional and control ones respectively, the same treatments greatly enhanced the subsequent growth, caused increments of 62.3 %, 48.1 % and 12.7 % (mean of the two seasons) for seedling dry weight respectively relative to the traditional one. Whilst the most superior chemical treatment was soaking the scarified seeds into NAA solution that caused increments of (93.6 % and 44.8 %) for germination % and seedling dry weight respectively with 82 % germination percentage.
Therefore, it is recommended to soak carob seed before sowing for 24 hrs into mint oil (2.5 %), emulsified in hot water of 80 <sup>o</sup>C initial temperature without scarification as a natural, safe and practical method for the pest germination and subsequent growth performance.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366933720080701RESPONSE OF ONION PLANTS TO THE FERTILIZATION BY NITROGEN SOURCES AND AGRICULTURAL SULPHUR RATES.5235524316685910.21608/jpp.2008.166859ENMagda M.HafizVeget., Res., Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki , Cairo, Egypt.Asmaa R.MahmoudVeget., Res., Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki , Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20210426Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental station of National Research Centre, at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate during the two successive growing seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 to study the additioneffect of sulphur levels (0, 150 and 300 kg/fed.) and nitrogen source (cattle manure, compost, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate)on growth, yield and bulb quality of onion plants cv. Giza, 20.
Results show that the vegetative growth i.e. plant length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, neck and bulb diameter, bulbing ratio as well as fresh and dry weight of bulb as well as bulb yield and some physical and chemical characteristic (bulb weight, diameter and height as well as bulb content of TSS, N, P, K, total protein and total carbohydrate) were significantly increased by increasing the level of S-application.
Results also clear that the vegetative growth characteristic and bulb yield and its quality recorded their highest values by using ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, however, cattle manure gave the lowest values of vegetative growth and bulb yield.