Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO SUGAR BEET VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN FERTIGATION REGIMES UNDER DRIP – IRRIGATION SYSTEM3189319811713410.21608/jpp.2009.117134ENSohier M. M. OudaSugar Crops Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005Two field experiments were conducted on sandy soil at El-Kassasien Research Station Ismaillia Governorate, under drip- irrigation system , during the two successive seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005 /2006 to study the influence of N fertilizer application methods (7 N fertigation treatments) on yield and quality of two sugar beet varieties (Atose poly and Loados). A split-plot design technique was used to carry out this trial. The 7 N fertigation treatments were :
Fr<sub>1</sub>: Applying the N fertilizer through soil + 3 hrs irrigation.
Fr<sub>2</sub>: <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs irrigation + 1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> hrs fertigation + <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs irrigation.
Fr<sub>3</sub>: 1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> hrs irrigation + <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs fertigation + <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs irrigation.
Fr<sub>4</sub>: 1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> hrs fertigation + 1<sup> 1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> hrs irrigation.
Fr<sub>5</sub>: 2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs irrigation + <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs fertigation.
Fr<sub>6</sub>: 2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs fertigation + <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> hrs irrigation.
Fr<sub>7</sub>: 3hrs fertigation.
The main plots were devoted to N fertigation treatments and the two sugar beet varieties were placed in the sub-plot units.
The important results could be summarized as follow:
1. All fertigation treatments were superior to the non fertigation treatment.
2. The highest values of root, top and sugar yields and root length were recorded when Fr<sub>6</sub> treatment was applied.
3. The highest value of TSS % were obtained when Fr<sub>5</sub> treatment was applied, while the highest value of root diameter was obtained with Fr<sub>3</sub>.
4. Sucross % and purity % were not significantly affected by all fertigation treatments.
5. Lados variety surpassed Atose poly variety for top , root and sugar yields, TSS% , root length and diameter.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF SOWING METHODS AND SOME WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON DODDER CONTROL IN CLOVER CROP.3211322111713610.21608/jpp.2009.117136ENI. E. SolimanWeed Res. Laboratory, Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.M. M. Abd El-HamidWeed Res. Laboratory, Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005
Two field experiments were carried out at sakha experimental station during 2004/ 2005 and 2005/2006 seasons to investigate the effect of different sowing methods (dry method and dry method after false irrigation) and some herbicides i.e. glyphosate, butralin, imidazolin, bentazon, propyzamide and hand combing treatment on controlling dodder weed <em>Cuscuta planiflora</em> and growth of clover plants <em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em> L. Results indicated that the hand combing treatment and different sowing methods were not enough in dodder control, but it used only as a help factor in control program. Also, the results indicated that butralin herbicide showed good control of dodder under the sowing after false irrigation, followed by propyzamide, glyphosate, imidazolin and bentazon treatments. Also, showed that the parasitic weed dodder caused a great reduction in fresh weight of clover plants.
Clover plants infected with dodder showed that the lowest contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll compared with healthy plants. Data also cleared that all tested herbicides showed least effective on chlorophyll content. Also, showed the that the reduction percentage of chorophyll content was increased by increasing the time of treatment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT TO REDUCING NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN SOME LETTUCE VARIETIES (Lactuca sativa L.) GROWN IN SANDY CALCAREOUS SOILS3223323711713710.21608/jpp.2009.117137ENE. F. S. RefaiHort. Res. Institute A.R.C. Giza, EgyptM. M. M. AhmedSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Institute A.R.C. Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005The present investigation was conducted during the two seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 at the Desert experimental Farm of Assiut Agric. Res. Station to study the effect of five levels of N-fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/fed.) and three levels of composted waste farm (Control (zero), Compost (3 ton/fed.) and bio-compost (3 ton /fed. compost with Biogen). Tow varieties were used in this investigation (Latoga and Balady). These varieties were grown in sandy calcareous soil under drip irrigation system. The interaction between the two fertilizer sources was studied. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the five levels of N fertilizer in all studied characters. Increased for both mineral and organic fertilizer were obtained of both lettuce varieties on yield and its components. Meanwhile, application of composted waste farm at a rate of 3 ton/fed in combination with Biogen reduced the application of mineral N to 50% and reduced nitrate concentration in leaves of both lettuce varieties.
Compost and bio-compost as organic and bio fertilizers play an important role in maintaining soil fertility with releasing nutrients in the soil. The most increase in soil N and P content was observed with compost and bio-compost application. The increase percentage in P content over the control was 10.12 and 38.38 in 2006 and 25.58 and 19.08 % in 2007, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF SHEEP MANURE, PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AS WELL AS BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD, NITRATE ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF BROCCOLI (Brassica oleracea var italica) PLANTS3239326111713910.21608/jpp.2009.117139ENAmal M. FarragVegetable Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.A. H. Hanafy-AhmedPlant Physiology Division, Plant Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.Hanaa F. AhmedPlant Physiology Division, Plant Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.Journal Article20201005Two field experiments were carried out on broccoli (<em>Brassica oleracea </em>var<em> italica</em>) plants cv. Premium to study the effect of sheep manure at the rate 10 m<sup>3</sup> ( 4.28 tons/fed.), 3 levels of phosphate fertilizer i.e. 0, 10 or 20 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed.or the recommended rate of chemical fertilizers (40 N + 30 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 50 K<sub>2</sub>O kg/fed.) with three kinds of biofertilizers i.e. yeast, <em>Pseudomonas, Bacillus</em> (bacteria dissolving phosphate) inoculated with seedling or uninoculation on vegetative growth characters at head initiation and at side head initiation as well as days from transplanting until head initiation, yield and chemical components in leaves and heads. Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers. Days from transplanting until head initiation not affected by fertilization. The result indicated that using sheep manure plus 10 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> gave better values than using chemical fertilizers. On the other hand, ascorbic acid of heads was higher by adding sheep manure plus10kgP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> than values of sheep manure plus 20 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> or chemical fertilizers. Nitrate content of heads were the highest with application chemical fertilizer. The three biofertilizers treatments increased vegetative growth parameters, total yield and its components as well as chemical components in the leaves and heads as comparing with uninoculation treatment. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> resulted in the highest yield of heads in the first season also side head weight and total yield per fed. as well as total sugars and amino acids in leaves in both seasons <em>.</em> Yeast caused the higher values of heads yield per fed. and total free amino acids in heads, in the second season. On the other hand, nitrate content of heads were the highest with inoculated plants with yeast, while <em>Bacillus</em> caused the lowest values. <em>Bacillus</em> results in the highest total amino acids in heads in the first season and ascorbic acid content in heads in both season.The highest total yields were obtained of plants received sheep manure plus 20 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed and inoculated with <em>pseudomonas </em>or<em> Bacillus</em> in the first and second seasons, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH).3263327511714110.21608/jpp.2009.117141ENA. M. A. RashwanDept. of Hort. (Vegetable Crops), Fac. of Agric., South Valley Univ., Qena, Egypt.Journal Article20201005The present investigation was carried out at South Valley University Experimental Farm during the two summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 using 8×8 half diallel cross. The objectives of this investigation were two study combining ability and heterosis of okra. Highly significant differences were found among parents and their F<sub>1</sub> hybrids for all the studied traits. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining (SCA) variance were highly significant for all the studied traits. The mean squares for GCA were greater in magnitude than SCA value. Among parents, Balady and Pusa Sewani cvs. were the best combiner for total green fruit yield, number of branches, diameter at mid-green fruit fruit length and plant height traits; Iraqi and White Velvet cvs. for days to 50% flowering, White Velvet cv. for weight of green fruit; Pusa Sewani for number of green fruit. However, in specific combining ability study, the cross (Escandrany x Iraqi) and (White Velvet x Pusa Sewani) were the best for total green fruit yield, number of fruits/plant, number of branches/plant and plant height; (Escandrany x Pusa Sewani) and (Escandrany x Dot) for weight fruit and total green fruit yield, number of green fruit and number of branches; (Clemson Spineless x Iraqi), (Balady x Escandrany) and (Pusa Sewani x Iraqi) for days to 50% flowering, diameter at mid-green fruit and weight of green fruit. Heterosis over mid-parent was found for total green fruit yield and its components.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING GROWTH, YIELD AND BUNCH QUALITY OF BLACK MONUKKA AND RED GLOBE GRAPEVINES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SOME SUMMER PRUNING PRACTICES3277329411714310.21608/jpp.2009.117143ENM. A. Abd El-WahabViticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptHanaa A. El-HelwViticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptBasma M. SelimViticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005This study was carried out for two successive seasons (2007 & 2008) in a private vineyards located at El-Khatatba, Menoufiya governorate; to study on the possibility of improving vegetative growth, yield and bunch quality through the application of some summer pruning practices on Black Monukka and Red Globe grapevines. The chosen vines were ten-year-old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart, irrigated by the drip irrigation system, cane-pruned and trellised by the double "Y" shape system. Eight treatments were applied as follows; pinching the main shoots before the beginning of bloom and removing laterals, pinching the main shoots before the beginning of bloom and topping laterals to 4-5 leaves, pinching the main shoots before the beginning of bloom and maintaining laterals, defoliation (removal of leaves beneath the clusters at veraison stage), pinching the main shoots and removing laterals + defoliation, pinching the main shoots and topping laterals to 4-5 leaves + defoliation as well as pinching the main shoots and maintaining laterals + defoliation, in addition to control (untreated vines).
The results showed that all treatments, except for defoliation treatment was effective in increasing number of bunches/vine, average bunch weight and yield. All pinching treatments alone or combined with defoliation treatment improved the physical characteristics of bunches, physical and chemical properties of berries, morphological characteristics of vegetative growth, leaf content of total chlorophyll and cane content of total carbohydrates as compared with control. Vines treated with pinching the main shoots, maintaining laterals accompanied with defoliation resulted in a great stimulation of all the studied parameters. On the other hand, control was found to record the minimum values of these characters.
The economical study indicated that vines treated with pinching the main shoots, maintaining laterals accompanied with defoliation of Black Monukka and Red Globe grapevines gave the highest net income as compared to the control.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EVALUATION OF TEN MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR SILAGE YIELD AND QUALITY3295330411714410.21608/jpp.2009.117144ENM. A. S. Abdel GawadForage Crops Res. Dep., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C.,Giza, Egypt.Hoda Kh. A. El MakserMaize Res. Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.M. M. M. HassanMaize Res. Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005A field experiment was carried out at Gemmeiza Research station during the two successive seasons; 2005 and 2006 to evaluate ten maize hybrids for silage yield, quality, and nutrient contents. The experiment included three single cross (SC10, SC123, SC155) and seven three-way cross hybrids TWC310, TWC311 TWC320 TWC321, TWC322, TWC323,and TWC324 . Significant differences (P0.05) were found among the tested hybrids; The highest fresh silage yield was recorded for hybrid SC10 in both seasons, (23.94 and 25.31 tons / faddan, respectively). Hybrids TWC320 and TWC324 possessed the highest dry matter (DM) yield in the two seasons (6.65 and 7.51 t fad<sup>-1</sup>), respectively. It was evident that the number of days to 50% tasseling, combined over the two seasons, ranged between 59 and 66 for SC155 and SC123 hybrids respectively . Respecting to 50% sillking, the combined analysis showed 8.25 days difference between the earliest ( SC155) and the lastest hybrid (SC10). Results at silage maturity stage, which was assessed on the DM basis ranged between 283 (SC123) and 340 (TWC324) g Kg<sup>-1</sup> . Data showed that crude protein % ranged between 5.9% (TWC323) to 8.2% (TWC310), CF between 22.4 (TWC320) to 29.5 (TWC), EE between 1.32 (TWC310) to 2.97 (SC10), NFE between 55.1 (TWC324) to 60.1 (TWC320), Ash between 6.3 (TWC322) to 8.5 (TWC311), DCP between 2.03 (TWC323) to 4.15 (TWC310), and TDN between 62.1 (TWC323) to 63.9 (TWC311). For silage quality, pH ranged from 3.6 (TWC311) to 4.05 (SC155), VFAs from 1.46 (TWC311) to 2.44 (SC155), Lactic acid from 3.78 (SC155) to 5.25 (SC10), and NH<sub>3</sub>N % from 4.08 (SC123) to 6.88 (SC155). These data indicate that all hybrids are suitable for silage production.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401USE OF BENZOTHIADIAZOLE (BTH) FOR INDUCING SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE IN COTTON SEEDLINGS AGAINST SOME SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENIC FUNGI3305331511714610.21608/jpp.2009.117146ENA. M. A. El-SamawatyCotton Pathol. Lab., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt.A. A. GalalDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Minia, Egypt.Journal Article20201005The resistance elicitor Benzothiadiazole (BTH) has no significant inhibitory effects on seed germination of cotton cultivars Giza 86 and Giza 90 or on mycelial growth of the tested fungi, <em>i.e.</em> <em>Fusarium solani</em>, <em>F. oxysporum</em>, <em>F. moniliforme</em>, <em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em>, <em>Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium </em>sp. and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. BTH seed treatment (seed soaking) resulted in resistant cotton plants against infection by all pathogenic fungi tested. Efficiency of BTH to induce resistance in cotton seedlings varied with BTH concentration and fungi tested. Increasing BTH concentration enhanced resistance capacity of cotton cultivars. In addition. When the concentration was increased to 100 ppm, BTH significantly increased plant height from 8.36 to 26.07 % and from 8.93 to 28.82 % for cvs. Giza 86 and Giza 90, respectively. Also, it increased dry weight from 2.87 to 53.26 % and from 9.85 to 31.16 % for cvs. Giza 86 and Giza 90, respectively. The highest efficiency value (60%) was achieved by BTH against <em>F. oxysporum</em> on Giza 86 and <em>F. moniliforme </em>on Giza 90 while the least efficiency was observed by BTH seed treated against <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> infection. Since 50 ppm of BTH seed treatment caused 18.18 and 21.49% protection in cotton seedlings of cvs. Giza 86 and Giza 90, respectively. Using 100ppm of BTH gave cotton seedlings with 31.81 and 25.62 % protection for Giza 86 and Giza 90, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401RESPONSE OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS UNDER CULTIVATED SANDY SOILS.3335334711714810.21608/jpp.2009.117148ENA. A. MansourPlant Production Dept., Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig Univ., Egypt.M. F. Abd El-MaksoudPlant Production Dept., Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20201005Tow field experiments were carried out at a private Farm at Wadi El-Mollak, Abo-Hammad District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2006 and 2007 summer seasons. The aim of this work was to study the response of three maize hybrids i.e. single cross 18, three way cross 310 and three way cross 320 to N fertilizer levels (50, 75, 100 and 125 kg N/fad). A split-plot design with three replicates was followed, the three maize hybrids were arranged at random in the main plots whereas, nitrogen fertilizer levels were occupied the sub-plots. The obtained results of the combined analysis of the two growing seasons could be summarized as follows:
Highly significant differences were detected among the three tested maize hybrids in most the growth and yield characteristics. SC18 maize hybrid surpassed the other two hybrids in grain yield/fad as a result of its superiority in yield components i.e. ear length, number of grains/row, number of grains/ear and 100-grain weight. TWC 310 plants were superior in plant and ear heights. Both TWC 310 and TWC 320 had the largest leaf area/plant. The plants of both SC18 and TWC 320 gave the highest shelling percentage. The studied maize hybrids did not significantly differed in number of rows/ear.
Each increment of N level up to 125 kg/fad resulted in a continuous and significant increase in plant height, leaf area/plant, ear length, number of grains/row, number of grains/ear, shelling percentage and grain yield/fad. Ear height, number of rows/ear and 100-grain weight were gradually increased with increasing N level up to 100 kg N/fad.
The interaction between the two studied factors significantly affected leaf area/plant and grain yield/fad. Planting TWC 320 with application of 125 kg N/fad is the best to obtain the largest leaf area/plant whereas, planting SC18 with 100 or 125 kg N/fad is the best to obtain the highest grain yield/fad.
Positive and significant correlation coefficients between maize grain yield on one hand and each ear length, number of grains/row and number of grains/ear on the other hand were observed, while positive and insignificant correlations were found between grain yield and other studied characters. The direct effect of ear length was 49.5% being higher than those of number of grains/ear and 100-grain weight which were 2.85 and 4.40% of grain yield variation, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401GENETIC STUDIES ON GROWTH, EARLINESS YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS, AND SEED QUALITY IN BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba L.)3349336611715510.21608/jpp.2009.117155ENS. A. M. Abd- AllahHorticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptM. H. TolbaHorticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20201005A 4 x 4 diallel cross with reciprocals was performed among four cultivars of broad bean (<em>Vicia faba, </em>L.), i.e., two Spanish cultivars named Luz de otono and Reina mora, one local cultivar called Giza planka, and a selected line, cv. (Sabaaty). The four parents and their 12 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids and reciprocal crosses were evaluated in a field experiment designed in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. This investigation was carried out during the winter seasons of 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 under field conditions at Sabaheya Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were to evaluate the average degree of heterosis in the crosses in addition to the estimation of combining ability and its components.
The obtained results reflected generally that all of the first hybrid generations, including the reciprocal crosses, tended to show values either higher than those of their respective lower parental values or deviated towards their higher parental values for the vegetative growth characters. The results indicated also that all of the F1 hybrid populations were either more than their mid-or high- parental values for total yield and all its components characters. Positive heterosis estimates, relative to mid-parents, were detected in most of the F1 hybrids for vegetative growth characters. Concerning total yield and its components, positive heterotic effects were noticed on most of the first hybrid generations, including reciprocals. The results indicated also that both general combining ability G.C.A. (additive effects) and specific combining ability S.C.A. (non-additive effects) appeared to be important in controlling the expression of all studied characters; but with relatively more important roles for S.C.A. effects. The results indicated also that the parental cultivar Reina mora (P1) could be considered as a good general combiner for breeding to earliness, vegetative characters and yield and its components. The combinations of P1 X P2, P1 X P3, and P2 X P3 exhibited significant positive values for the most characters of vegetative growth, yield and its components. Correlation values among pairs of characters exhibited that number of pods/plant and pod weight should to be the first concern for improving yield of faba bean.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF PEARL MILLET AND SUDAN GRASS ON SOME WINTER CROPS3367338211715810.21608/jpp.2009.117158ENS. E. A. ToaimaCrop Intensification Research Dep., Field Crops Research Inst., A.R.C. Giza, Egypt.M. A. S. Abd El-GawadForage Crops Research Dep. Field Crops Research Inst., A.R.C. Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005Laboratory, greenhouse experiments were carried out in Giza Research Station during 2006 and field experiments were carried out at Sids Research Station during 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to investigate the allelopathic effect of pearl millet and Sudan grass on some winter crops; ( wheat, barley, flax, faba bean, Egyptian clover and sugar beet) through 2005 and 2006 seasons. Laboratory experiments showed that, pearl millet and Sudan grass had a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination of all winter crops, except Egyptian clover. Seedling growth of flax, berseem and sugar beet was also inhibited by both extract. Greenhouse experiment indicated that all crops were affected by pearl millet and Sudan grass root extracts. Field experiment results indicated that wheat, barley and sugar beet were only the crops affected by root extracts. Three chemical components were detected and identified in pearl millet root extract; (2 benzylthio 2- imidazoline monohydrochlorid) , (pentyl acetate) and (glucoronic acid sodium salt hydrate) and another three were detected and identified in Sudan grass root extract (2,6 diemethyl cyclohexane methanol), (4 – Amidinodinopyriodine menohydrochloride) and (6 – Alpha-L-arbinozyl – 5 , 7- dihydroxy - 8- beta d – glucopyranozyl flavone).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401NP FERTILIZATION RATES REQUIRED TO MAXIMIZE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME HUNGARIAN AND EGYPTIAN MAIZE HYBRIDS IN SANDY SOIL3383339311716010.21608/jpp.2009.117160ENA. A. HassanPlant Prod. Dept., Efficient Productivity Inst., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.A. A. MansourPlant Prod. Dept., Efficient Productivity Inst., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20201005The effects of NP fertilization at four rates (60 kg N + 15.5 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, 60 kg N + 31.0 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, 120 kg N + 15.5 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 120 kg N +31.0 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fad) on productivity of five maize hybrids : four Hungarian hybrids namely, KESKUN 4244 (FAO* 200), KESKUN 4344 (FAO300), KESKUN 4444 (FAO 400) and KESKUN 4515 (FAO 500) and one Egyptian hybrid i.e. SC10 under Egyptian sandy soil conditions were studied at the farm of the International Company for Agricultural Development (ICAD) on Cairo-Alexandria desert road (92 km from Cairo) during summer seasons of 2005 and 2006.
The obtained results indicate highly significant differences among the tested maize hybrids in all studied yield characteristics either in both growing seasons or in the combined analysis. Compared with the other two maize hybrids, each of KESKUN 4444, KESKUN 4515 and SC10 produced the highest grain yield/ fad and this could be attributed to the superiority of KESKUN 4444 in each of ear length, number of rows/ ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield per day (gm /plant); the superiority of KESKUN 4515 in each of number of rows/ ear, number of grains /ear, 100- grain weight and shelling percentage and the superiority of SC10 in each of ear length, number of grains / ear, 100- grain weight and shelling percentage. As expected, data indicated that Egyptian hybrid SC10 gave the highest number of days to maturity followed by KESKUN 4515, 4444, 4344 and 4244 in a descending order.
Maize plants fertilized with 120 kg N + 31.0 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fad produced longest ears, highest number of grains /ear and highest grain yield gm/day/plant. Adding 120 kg N + 15.5 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fad significantly increased number of rows /ear, number of grains/row, 100-grain weight, grain yield/fad and number of days to maturity. However, shelling percentage was the highest when 60 kg N + 31.0 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fad was added.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401FACTORS AFFECTING IN VITRO PROPAGATION AND MICROGRAFTING OF SOUR ORANGE CITRUS ROOTSTOCK3395341511716210.21608/jpp.2009.117162ENL. G. SamaanDept. of Pomology, College of Agric., University of Mansoura, EgyptM. S. S. El-BoraeyDept. of Pomology, College of Agric., University of Mansoura, EgyptE. F. El-DengawyDept. of Pomology, College of Agric., University of Mansoura, EgyptMona E. M. HelalDept. of Pomology, College of Agric., University of Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20201005The present investigation was aimed to address two important questions:<br /> 1- To what extent is tissue culture can be succeeded in sprouting and rooting the Sour orange?<br /> 2- How did the activities of media studied respond to such processes?<br /> The possible application of some commonly in vitro growth regulating compounds is outlined. A number of treatments were applied to determine the best way of inducing in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting on a modified solid MS (1962) medium at full strength. Two explants type (shoot tips and epicotyls) sourced from Sour orange (<em>Citrus aurantium L.) </em>Citrus rootstock were cultured for in vitro shoot proliferation and the regenerated shoots for rooting studies. The former process tested the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-furfuryl aminopurine(Kinetin) either alone or in combinations at different concentrations plus a fixed 0.50mg|l NAA. While, the later process tested the effect of combined two auxins, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and alpha- naphthaline acetic acid (NAA) at varying concentrations plus a fixed 0.50mg/L Kin.<br /> The obtained results pointed to epicotyls as the better explants to in vitro propagation of the tested rootstock. Medium to best shoot proliferation was MS(1962)basal medium at full strength supplemented with BAP at 1.5mg/L and Kin at 1.00mg/L plus a fixed NAA concentration. Both explants type on this super medium gave a high percentage of shoot multiplication and proliferated shoot of the greatest characteristics except for average shoot length per explant, which the longest shoots were resulted on the same basal medium with the combined two growth regulators at lower concentration (0.25 or 0.50mg/L). Medium to best in vitro rooting was the same basal medium containing IBA and NAA at 2.00mg/L each plus a fixed 0.50 mg Kin/L. The egenerated shoots on such rooting medium succeeded to record the highest rooting percentage, average roots number per explant and the longest proliferated roots as well as relatively the biggest average root diameter per explant.<br /> Micro-grafting study of Washington navel and Valencia scions onto Sour orange rootstock indicated a successful graft union. Micro-graft combination of the former scion onto such rootstock had a degree of graft compatibility greater than Valencia scion onto the same rootstock. This was based on the measurement of three important parameters in this field, grafting success % , survival % and the whole growth vigor of grafted seedlings through the measurement of three characteristics on the grafted seedlings.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401STUDIES ON PROPAGATION OF TOMATO IN VITRO: 1- EFFECT OF CYTOKININ TYPES AND CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT EXPLANT TYPES ON THE CALLUS INDUCTION IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL. )3417343511716410.21608/jpp.2009.117164ENM. M. ZaghloulVegetable and Ornamental Dept.,Fac. of Agri., Mansoura UniversityS. T. El-AfifiVegetable and Ornamental Dept.,Fac. of Agri., Mansoura UniversityE. E. MetwalyVegetable and Ornamental Dept.,Fac. of Agri., Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20201005The in vitro response of California Rock hybridwas tested using hypocotyls and leaf disc as an explants source for callus induction at different cytokinin types<br /> ( KIN – BAP - TDZ) with different concentrations ( 0.0 -0.5 – 1.0 – 2.0 mg/l ). Callus formation was noticed at all treatments, BAP was the most effective one followed by TDZ, the lowest values were obtained by KIN. Concentration at 1.0 mg/l recorded the greatest values. Hypocotyls was better than leaf disc for all recorded data. All treatments gave hard callus and didn't promote any shoots. No root was noticed with KIN or BAP at 2.0 mg/l with hypocotyls for each. TDZ at ( 0.5 – 1.0 – 2.0 mg/l) with any explants gave negative results to root formation. BAP at 1.0 mg with hypocotyls was the most effective one being recorded the highest values of callus <em>i.e</em>. ( volume , fresh and dry weight ).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE DEPLETION AND MULCHING OF CV. ZAGHLOUL DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera L.) FRUITING UNDER DESERT CONDITIONS.3437345211716610.21608/jpp.2009.117166ENS. El-KosaryPomology Department, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza, EgyptE. I. BakrPomology Department, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza, EgyptI. A. HusseinDesert Res. Cent., Pomology Unit, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.Sheren A. AbdelhameedDesert Res. Cent., Pomology Unit, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20201005This investigation was conducted during two successive seasons (2005 and 2006) at El SheikhZuwayidExperimentalStationDesertResearchCenter, North Sinai Governorate. It is aimed to study the effect of soil moisture depletion and mulching of cv. Zaghloul date palm under desert conditions using three soil moisture depletion (25, 50 and 75%) from available water. Also, four mulching treatments, Plant cover (T1) using Oregano plants (<em>Origanum syriacum</em> L.), Plastic sheet (T2), Gravels cover (T3) and uncovered (T4) (control). All treatments were irrigated by drip irrigation system using bubbler (200l/h). The selected palms under investigation were similar in vigor, aged 15 years and subjected to the recommended orchard managements. The obtained results showed that soil moisture depletion at 25 % produced the highest fruit set percentage and total yield. On the other hand, soil moisture depletion at 75 % raised fruit characters (length, diameter, size, weight, bulb, TSS and sugars). Concerning mulching treatments, plastic cover (T2) had enhanced the fruit characteristics and saved the applied water than the other mulching treatments. In this respect, the interaction between depletion and mulching treatments, indicated that depletion at 75% with plastic cover was the best treatment casing the superiority of fruit characteristics and saving of applied water.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF NAA, GA3 AND CYTOPHEX SPRAYING ON SAMANY AND ZAGHLOUL DATE PALM YIELD, FRUIT RETAINED AND CHARACTERISTICS3453346811716810.21608/jpp.2009.117168ENS. El-KosaryPomology Department, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005This investigation was conducted during two successive seasons (2005 and 2006) at the Experimental Research Station, Fac. Agric. Giza, Egypt. Samany and Zaghloul fruiting date palms were conducted in this study. The study is aimed to improve fruit quality through spraying NAA at 0, 50, 100, 150 ppm, GA<sub>3</sub> at 0, 50, 100, 150 ppm and Cytophex (CPPU, 2-Chloro-4-pridyl phenyl urea) at 0, 25, 50, 75 ppm on strands after carples fall (4 weeks after pollination). Results indicated that spraying 150 ppm of GA<sub>3</sub> produced the lowest retained fruits and bunch weight of Samany and Zaghloul cultivars. Also, spraying 75 ppm of cytophex increased significantly fruit and flesh weight of Samany and Zaghloul fruits. Fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit size of Samany and Zaghloul date palm had increased by spraying cytophex at 75 ppm. Fruit chemical properties appeared that fruit moisture content was reduced by spraying GA<sub>3</sub> at 150 ppm or cytophex at 75 ppm in both cultivars during the two seasons. In addition, spraying 75 ppm of cytophex increased Samany and Zaghloul fruits content of TSS, Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars in the two seasons. From these results, spraying 75 ppm of cytophex is the best treatment to increase Samany and Zaghloul fruits quality under Giza conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401OPTIMIZING DATE PALM AERIAL OFFSHOOTS AVAIL THROUGH VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION3469348111717010.21608/jpp.2009.117170ENS. El-KosaryPomology Department, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ.,Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005Date palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) trees are essential components of farming systems in dry and semi arid regions and can be produced equally well in small farm units as large scale commercial plantation units. So, palm tree is an excellent candidate for cultivation in Egyptian Agricultural Project in new reclamation regions, i.e. Toshkay and Shark El-Aoinate. Date palm multiplication by transplanting offshoots still remains the best and most common method. Thus, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the rooting possibility and optimizing aerial offshoots avail through vegetative propagation by plant growth regulators injection. In this research, aerial offshoots of Samany and Zaghloul date palm cultivars weighing 7-9 kg were planted in two dates, mid of March and September in each season (2004 and 2005) at nursery of Pomology Dept., Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. All aerial offshoots were treated by 7 injection treatments, before planting, by 5 ml auxin solution as follows: 1) distilled water (control), 2) 500 ppm IBA, 3) 1000 ppm IBA, 4) 1500 ppm IBA, 5) 500 ppm NAA, 6) 1000 ppm and NAA 7) 1500 NAA. Samany cultivar increased significantly roots number/aerial offshoot than Zaghloul cultivar. Whereas, the reverse was true concerning root length. Plantation at mid of March was better than that of mid September for all recorded parameters of aerial offshoots. Using auxin injection in the aerial offshoots bases significantly increased rooting percentage and means of roots number, length, diameter and length of developed leaves. Moreover, aerial offshoots injected by IBA at 1000 ppm or NAA at 1000 or 1500 ppm and planted in mid of March were the preferable for rooting percentages of Samany and Zaghloul cultivars and means of roots number, length, diameter and length of developed leaves.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401RESPONSES OF SPINACH PLANTS TO POULTRY MANURE, INOCULATION WITH PLANT GROWTH – PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) AND SPRAYING BIO-STIMULANT3495351811717110.21608/jpp.2009.117171ENAmal M. FaragVegetable Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversitySahar S. TahaVegetable Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityHanaa F. AhmedPlant Physiology Division, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityA. A. RagabSoil, Water and Environment, Research Institute, A.R.C, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005 Two field experiments were carried out on spinach (<em>Spinasia oleracea</em> L.) plants cv. Baladi to study the effects of 4 tones / fed. of poultry manure or recommended chemical fertilizers [250 kg/fed. ammonium sulphate (20.5%N)+ 200 kg/fed. calcium super phosphate (15.5%P2O5)+ 75kg /fed. potassium sulphate (84.5%K2O) at the rates of full dose, ½dose or 1/4 dose for each.Seeds were uninoculated or inoculated with plant growth – promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which included<em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em>, phosphate dissolving bacteria <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, potassium release bacteria <em>Bacillus</em> <em>cerculans</em> and<em> Bradyrhizobium japonicum. </em> Moreover, plants were sprayed with water or foliar biostimulant (Setter-2) which containing ascorbic, citric acids N, Cu, Ca, B and Mn twice after 15 and 25 days of planting on plant growth and yield .Spinach plants received the pervious treatments in combination or single as well as evaluate phytohormone biosynthesis, cyanogens (HCN) and siderophores production and phosphate solubilization in some bacterial strains to be used as a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).The results indicated that using ½ dose of poultry manure + PGPR + spraying with setter-2 led to the highest plant weight in both seasons and plant length in the second season as well as leaves number/plant and total yield/fed. in the first season. Meanwhile, ½ dose of poultry manure + ½ dose of chemical fertilizer + spraying with setter-2 resulted in the highest leaves number / plant and total yield/fed. in the second season as well as dry matter percentage of leaves in both seasons.
Concerning chemical components in spinach planting , applying ½ dose of poultry manure + PGPR + spraying with setter-2 caused the highest N% and total sugars concentration in the leaves in both seasons .The highest P and K % were obtained with supplying ¾ NPK + PGPR + spraying stter-2 in both seasons and second season, respectively. ½ dose of poultry manure + PGPR caused the highest K% in the first season. On the other hand, the highest total soluble phenol and total free amino acids recorded due to use ½ dose of poultry manure + ½ dose of recommended NPK and full dose of poultry manure respectively, in both seasons. Nitrate concentrationwere the highest in plants received recommended chemical fertilizers while plants received PGPR followed by poultry manure caused the lowest values in both seasons. Chlorophyll concentration in leaves not significantly affected by the type of fertilization in both seasons. There were differences between rhizobacteria strains in its ability to production phytohormone biosynthesis, cyanogens (HCN) and siderophores production and phosphate solubilization.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401SOME FACTORS AFFECTING Nicotiana glauca GROWTH AND ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: II- EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER RATE AND ANTITRANSPIRANTS3519353111717410.21608/jpp.2009.117174ENS. G. GewefielDept. of Hort., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ.G. A. A. BishrDept. of Hort., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ.Kamelia M. RedaDept. of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Centre, Matarryia, Cairo, Egypt.Rania M. KhaterDept. of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Centre, Matarryia, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20201005This study was carried out during the two seasons of 2003/ 2004 and 2004/ 2005 at the Experimental Station of Desert Research Center at El-Sheikh Zewaied, North Sinai Governorate; aiming to investigate the effect of different irrigation water rates (4, 8 and 12 L/ plant/ week), antitranspirants (6% CaCO<sub>3</sub>, 5% Folicote and 10% CaO) as well as their interactions on plant growth, active ingredients, total carbohydrates and chemical constituents of <em>Nicotiana glauca</em> plants.
The obtained results showed that, the highest values of vegetative growth parameters (plant height, number of branches/ plant and dry weights of plant and leaves/ plant), active ingredient (total alkaloids, anabasine and rutin percentages and contents/ plant), total carbohydrates content and chemical constituents (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages and contents/ plant) could be achieved by irrigating plants with the highest irrigation water rate (12 L/ plant/ week) combined with spraying plants with CaCO<sub>3</sub> at 6%.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401SOME FACTORS AFFECTING NICOTIANA GLAUCA GRAHAM GROWTH AND ACTIVE INGREDIENTS І. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINE WATER IRRIGATION AND COMPOST LEVELS3533354611717610.21608/jpp.2009.117176ENS. G. GewefielDept. of Hort., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ.G. A. BishrDept. of Hort., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ.K. M. RedaDept. of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Centre, Matarryia , Cairo, Egypt.R. M. KhaterDept. of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Centre, Matarryia , Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20201005This study was carried out at El-Sheikh Zewaied Research Station, Desert Research Centre at North Sinai Governorate during the two seasons of 2003/ 2004 and 2004/ 2005 to study the effect of different levels of compost (0, 4, 8 and 12 m<sup>3</sup>/ fad.), saline water irrigation (600, 1500 and 3000 ppm) and their interaction on growth, active ingredients and chemical constituents of tree tobacco (<em>Nicotiana glauca</em>) plants. Results indicated that the maximum yield of active ingredients (total alkaloids, anabasine and rutin) and the highest values of growth characters (plant height, number of branches, dry weight of plant and dry weight of leaves/ plant) and plant minerals content (N, P, K, Zn, Mn and Fe) could be obtained when plants were irrigated with saline water at 1500 ppm with the addition of 12 m<sup>3</sup>/fad compost during soil preparation.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF BIO-AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND TUBER QUALITY OF POTATO PLANTS: 2- YIELD AND TUBER QUALITY3547357911717910.21608/jpp.2009.117179ENM. N. HelalyDept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.R. A. FoudaDept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.E. A. RamadanDept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20201005Decreasing NPK dose less than the recommended dose decreased significantly tuber yield [measured as tubers yield (g) per plant, tubers numbers per plant, tubers dry weight per plant and total yield (ton/fed.) as well as its components from protein, ascorbic acid ,starch, N, P ,K, total soluble solids and specific gravity in both studied seasons. In contrast, inoculation of any bacterial strains used induced significantly these parameters and the most effective treatments were found with NFB+PDB+SB followed with NFB+PDB and lastly with SB.
The interaction treatments indicate that, plants received mixed three strains of used bacteria plus 50% or 75% NPK (from recommended dose) showed high values regarding yield and its components from crude protein and ascorbic acid , total soluble solids and specific gravity. The level of 75%NPK produced additive effects in this respect. NPK fertilizers at 50% only may be saved if potato tubers were inoculated with non-symbiotic fixing bacteria without serious effects on the tuber yield.
Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were decreased significantly with decreasing mineral fertilizers dose in both seasons. Similarly, Nitrate and nitrite levels were decreased significantly when potato tubers inoculated with each of the bio-fertilizers used in comparession with those of uninoculated plants. Inoculation with either mixed strains of used bacteria or NFP+PDB gave the highest reduction in the levels of both nitrate and nitrite in potato tuber.
Plants received 50% or 75% NPK (from recommended dose) produced the highest reduction in nitrate and nitrite levels compared with the control (100% recommended dose of NPK) while, the lowest reduction of both nitrate and nitrite were detected in tubers produced from plants inoculated with NFB.
Decreasing NPK dose, overall bio-fertilizers used, decreased the percentages of reducing sugars, insoluble carbohydrates and total carbohydrates whereas increased non-reducing sugars and total sugars in potato tubers during the two growing seasons.
Bio-fertilizers application alone significantly decreased reducing sugars and total sugars whereas increased non-reducing sugars, insoluble carbohydrates and total carbohydrates percentages in the tubers of potato plants inoculated with each of the three bacterial strains used in comparison to those of uninoculated one. The most effective treatments was found with NFB+PDB+SB.Again, NFB strain was more effective than PDB followedwith SB.
The interaction treatments, show that bio-fertilizers significantly decreased reducing sugars and total sugarswhereas increased non-reducing sugars, insoluble carbohydrates and total carbohydrates percentages in potato tubers of plants grown under any dose of NPK used in comparison to the corresponding control (uninoculated). Again, the best treatment was found with NFB+PDB+SB. Plants received only half the dose of the recommended NPK fertilizers together with the dual inoculation recorded considered increases in non-reducing sugars, insoluble carbohydrates and total carbohydrates in the tubers whereas, decreased that of reducing sugars and total sugars percentages.
It could be concluded that the use of only bio-fertilizers for the production of potatoes is insufficient, so, they must be used together with mineral NPK fertilizers. Adding bio-fertilizers (naimly, <em>Azospirillum brasilense , Psuedomonas fluerences </em>and<em> Bacillus circulance</em>) to 50% of the mineral NPK fertilizers from the recommended dose (90 kg N + 37.5 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/fed.) exhibited resistance of potato grown against NPK stress and induced its yield.
The recommendation may reduce the extensive use of mineral fertilizers (about 50%) without affecting on potato productivity productivity. In addition the reduction of 50% from the mineral NPK fertilizers used might help for reducing the production cost as well as diminishing the environmental pollution and minimizing the harmful effects of using chemical fertilizers on human health.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF THE INSECTICIDE GAUCHO ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNGICIDE MONCEREN IN CONTROLLING COTTON SEEDLING DISEASE3581359511718410.21608/jpp.2009.117184ENEman A. M. OsmanPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005A two-season (2003 and 2004) greenhouse study conducted to study the effect of cotton seed treatment with the insecticide Gaucho on the efficiency of the fungicide Monceren in controlling seedling disease. Thus 4 treatments were evaluated on seven Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 80, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, and 90). The treatments were: seed treated with Monceren and Gaucho, seed treated with Monceren, seed treated with Gaucho, and untreated control. In 2003, cotton cultivar and treatment were highly sources of variation on pre-emergence damping-off, while their interaction was significant source of variation. Treatment was the only significant source of variation on the incidence of postemergence damping-off. Both cultivar and treatment were highly significant sources of variation on survival. All sources of variation were nonsignificant sources of variation on dry weight of seedlings. In 2004, cultivar and treatment were highly significant sources of variation on incidence of preemergence damping-off but their interaction was nonsignificant sources of variation. All source of variation were nonsignificant on postemergence damping-off. Cotton cultivar was a highly significant source of variation on survival and the treatment was significant source. The interaction between cultivar and treatment was nonsignificant. Regarding the dry weight, treatment was the only significant source of variation. In 2003, thirteen fungal genera were isolated from roots of seedlings of different treatments. These genera were:<em> Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Stemphylium, Rhizopus, Chaetomium, </em>unknown sterile isolate, unknown sporulated isolate<em>, Helminthosporium, Trichoderma, </em>and<em> Cladosporium</em>. In 2004, nine fungal genera were isolated from seedlings of different treatments. These genera included: <em>Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Penicillium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Nigrospora, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, </em>and<em> Phoma</em>. In each year, effects of treatments on isolation frequency of fungi was evalulated. The correlation between isolation fraquancy of fungi and seedling disease variables was also evaluated.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401IMPROVING SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOUR ORANGE AND CARRIZO CITRANGE ROOTSTOCKS BY SOME PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS3597360911718510.21608/jpp.2009.117185ENM. A. BassalHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ., 41522, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20201005Seeds of Sour orange (SO) and Carrizo citrange (CC) rootstocks were treated by soaking for 24 h in tap water, Ca<sup>++</sup>NO<sub>3</sub> at 0.2%, KNO<sub>3</sub> at 0.2%, Goëmar (bio-stimulant) BM86 at 0.3 and 0.5%, Goëmar MZ63 at 0.5%, GA<sub>3</sub> at 50 ppmor control (directly sowing) in a trial to improve the emergence and growth of seedlings aiming to produce good transplants. The seeds were sown under plastic house during February of 2006 and 2007 seasons. SO seeds had higher emergence percentage, emerged faster and gave lower number of seedlings/seed than those of C.C. Moreover, seedling of S.O was higher at 70 days after sowing, but after 6 months those of CC were the highest in stem length and diameter, and the lowest in fresh and dry weight. On the other hand, the leaves of CC had higher N content in both seasons and lower P content in the first season only, compared to SO.
Treatments with Goëmar BM860.3% increased the emergence % (90.8 & 92.8%) as compared with all other ones, followed by GA<sub>3</sub> (85.0 & 88.5%), tap water (86.5 & 88.0%) and KNO<sub>3</sub> (84.7 & 85.8%). No significant differences were found in the emergence % among Ca<sup>++</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>, Goëmar BM86 (0.5%), Goëmar MZ63 (0.5%) and the control treatments. The average number of days required to complete the seedling emergence was reduced by soaking the seeds in tap water before sowing (emergence rate were 34.9 & 36.3 days, in both seasons, respectively). After 6 months from sowing, Goëmar MZ63 (0.5%) treatment produced seedlings with stem length (31.2 & 36.5 cm) higher than those of control one (28.4 & 33.7 cm). Seedling fresh and dray weights increased with tap water treatment compared to the control and GA<sub>3</sub> ones. On the other hand, leaf N content increased with Ca<sup>++</sup>NO<sub>3</sub> and Goëmar MZ63 (0.5%), while P leaf content was higher with all treatments, except KNO<sub>3</sub> and GA<sub>3</sub> compared to the control.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF ADDING SOME ORGANIC WASTES ON YIELD AND BERRY QUALITLES OF KING RUBY GRAPEVINES3611362011718610.21608/jpp.2009.117186ENM. F. MostafaPomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityM. S. S. El-BorayPomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityEnas S. AbbasHorticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterRaesa M. SefanHorticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterJournal Article20201005The two field trails of present investigation was carried out during 2006 and 2007 seasons on 4-years-old King ruby grapevines grown on clay soil. The trial was to study effect of Orange and Apple wastes compost, in food factories, mixed with farmyard manure to enrich the compost as nitrogen sources complementary for mineral nitrogen on buds behavior, yield and berry quality. The results from this study indicated that applying both kinds of compost either Apple or Orange each alone (40 unit of nitrogen) gave the highest values in bud fertility and fruiting coefficient compared with control that used 40 unit of mineral nitrogen alone, also 40 unit N of OC, 30 unit mineral N +10 units of organic of OC, 40 units organic N of AC and 30 mineral N +10 units organic N of AC recorded in average a pronounce increase on the yield. Application of 40 units organic N of OC gave the highest increase on the berry adherence and firmness during the two seasons of study. All application from organic or mineral fertilizers under study did not show a clear variation in SSC% and acidity in berries juice during the two seasons, application of 10 units organic N from both AC and OC + 30 unit mineral N gave the significant increased in total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugar in berries juice as compared with control during the two seasons of study. Most interaction between organic and mineral materials gave good values in the anthocyanin content in berry skin in average as compared with control during the two seasons of study. application of 20 unit organic N of both AW and OC +20 unit mineral N gave the lowest values of nitrite and nitrate followed by 40 unit organic N of OC in berries juice compared with control that used 40 unit mineral N alone. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401GENETIC STUDIES ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN FOUR BREAD WHEAT CROSSES3621363111718710.21608/jpp.2009.117187ENS. A. M. El-SawiNational Wheat Research Program, Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C. Egypt.Journal Article20201005Three experiments were carried out at Bahteem Agricultural Research Station during three successive seasons from 2005/2006 to 2007/2008. In 2005/2006 season using three wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) crosses namely; Gemmeiza 7 x Sids 1, Sakha 94 x Irena and Sids 1 x Sakha 94. Six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) for each cross were used in this investigation. The data were recorded on an individual guarded plants for number of spikes / plant, number of kernels / spike, 100-grain weight and grain yield / plant. Significant heterotic effects were obtained for number of spikes / plant, grain yield / plant and number of kernels / spike in the first cross while, heterotic increase in grain weight, grain yield / plant and number of kernels / spike seemed to be accounted for the heterotic response observed in the second cross. Also, significant heterotic effect was found for number of spikes / plant, grain weight and grain yield / plant in the third cross.
Inbreeding depression estimates were significant for all studied attributes except for number of spikes / plant in the first cross. Over dominance towards the higher parent for number of spikes / plant, grain weight, grain yield / plant and number of kernels / spike were observed in the first cross. Meanwhile, over or partial dominance towards the lower parent was obtained for all characters in the third cross. On the other hand, partial dominance was observed for all characters (number of spikes / plant, grain weight, grain yield /plant and number of kernels / spike) in the second cross. F2 deviations (E1) were significant for all studied characters in the three crosses, except for number of spikes / plant in the first and second crosses, and grain weight in the first cross only. Moreover, backcross deviations (E2) were significant for all characters studied in all crosses, except for number of spikes / plant and for grain weight in the first cross, grain yield / plant in the first and the second ones. The additive gene effects were significant for all studied characters in the second and the third crosses, except for number of spikes / plant, grain weight , grain yield / plant and number of kernels / spike in the cross (Gemmeiza 7 x Sids 1). These results suggest the potential for obtaining further improvement in most studied character. In addition, dominance epistasis was significant for some of the studied attributes (number of kernels / spike, grain yield/ plant in the first and second crosses; and grain weight in the first and third ones; and number of spikes / plant in the third one).
High to medium values of heritability were associated with high and moderate genetic advance as percentage of F2 mean in most characters. These results indicated that selection for the studied characters could be useful in the early generations.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401PERFORMANCE OF FOURTEEN EGYPTIAN WHEAT CULTIVARS TO STRIPE RUST AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES3633363811718810.21608/jpp.2009.117188ENA. A.M.Abu AlyWheat Dis. Res. Dep., Plant Pathology Res. Institute,M. H.Abdel KaderWheat Dis. Res. Dep., Plant Pathology Res. Institute,S. A. M.El-SawiNational Wheat Research Program, Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C. Egypt.Journal Article20201005Fourteen cultivars were used to assess the cultivars reaction and latent periods to stripe rust at various growth stages. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of adult resistances at various growth stages of fourteen wheat cultivars and to assess the effect of such resistances on stripe rust development in the filed. Fourteen wheat cultivars were evaluated for resistance in the greenhouse at four growth stages from seedling to booting using stripe rust race 198E156. Resistance was measured by infection types and latent period. The cultivars were also evaluated in the field using the same race to evaluate disease severity and disease progress.
Cultivars Sakha 69, Giza 160, Giza 163, Sids 7, Sids 8 and Sids 9 was the most susceptible cultivars (infection types 8 to 9 latent period 10-15 days), followed by Gemmeiza 7 (infection type 8-4 with latent period 12 to 22.3 days). However, as plants grew, resistance increased and was lower infection types and longer latent period. The changes in infection type displayed by Sakha 61, Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Giza 168, Sids 1, Gemmeiza 9 and Gemmeiza 10 were the greatest, intermediate reactions (infection types were 3-5 and latent period 21-23 days at tillering stages) were seen as early as the completion of stem elongation and changed to immunity infection type (0). Results obtained from field experiment revealed that cultivars Sakha 61, Sakha 69, Giza 168, Sids 1, Gemmeiza 9 and Gemmeiza 10 gave resistant reaction (0). On the other hand cultivars Sakha 69, Giza 160, Giza 163, Sids 7, Sids 8 and Sids 9 showed high susceptibility toward the stripe rust disease at seedling stage.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401PHENOLOGICAL STAGES AND GROWING DEGREE DAYS FOR DIFFERENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS3639365011718910.21608/jpp.2009.117189ENM. A. El-BatalCrop Physiol. Dept., Field Crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptFatma A. AbdoCrop Physiol. Dept., Field Crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptM. H. Abdel-GawadCrop Physiol. Dept., Field Crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005Ninesoybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups (MG) in the green house of Crop Physiol. Res. Dept., Giza, 2007 and 2008 seasons. The main objectives were to study the initiation and duration of the different growth stages, growing degree days (GDD) and heat unit efficiency (HUE) in relation to yield and other plant traits.
Results indicated that completely unrolled leaf at unifoliolate node (V<sub>1</sub>) needed about 191<sup>o</sup>C GDD and this amount was almost constant for cultivars. Number of days (ND) and GDD accumulation for the initiation of reproductive stages varied significantly among cultivars. The earliest cultivar was "Giza 83" (MG II), while the latest was either "Holladay" or "<em>Toano</em>" (MG V). Cultivars of MG IV, <em>i.e.,</em> "Giza 21", "Giza 22", "Giza 111" and "Crawford" needed more days to the initiation of reproductive stages than those of "Giza 35" (MG III) or MGII cultivars. Similar results were obtained when GDD was taken into consideration.
There were significant differences among cultivars in the length of vegetative growth, flowering period, pod formation, seed filling and reproductive growth durations and their degree days sum. "Giza 83" had the shortest stage durations and needed the lowest GDD for full rate of phenological stage. However, "Holladay" and "<em>Toano</em>" had the longest durations and accumulated the most GDD during all developmental stages. Other cultivars were in-between, due to their maturity groups.
Cultivars of MG V surpassed the others in plant traits and yield, while "Giza 83" (MG II) had the lowest values of these traits and the rest cultivars were in-between. Concerning HUE in seed yield, all cultivars followed the same trend of their productivity with no significant differences between MG IV and MG V cultivars.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID AND UREA ON GROWTH, YIELD, SEED OIL CONTENT AND ITS FATTY ACIDS OF RAPESEED3651366811719110.21608/jpp.2009.117191ENFatma A. AbdoCrop Physiology Res. Dept., Field Crop Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Wafaa M. RizkCrop Physiology Res. Dept., Field Crop Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201005The present investigation was carried out at Giza Experimental Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), during the two successive winter seasons, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 in order to investigate the influence of foliar spraying at 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) with concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 50 and 100 ppm) and rates of urea (0, 4 and 8%) on growth, leaf area index (LAI), yield and yield components as well as some seed chemical constituents of rapeseed c.v. Pactol.
Results indicated that increasing the concentration of gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) from 0 up to 100 ppm caused significant increase in plant height, number of branches/plant, shoot dry weight/plant and LAI at 77, 98 and 119 DAS (except number of branches / plant at 119 days did not reach the level of significance with 50 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> in both seasons). Also, number of siliques/plant, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/plant and seed yield/feddan as well as seed oil percentage and yield of oil/feddan were significantly increased by increasing GA<sub>3</sub> from 0 up to 100 ppm. Generally, the difference between 50 and 100 ppm of GA<sub>3</sub> did not reach the level of significance in most of the investigated traits. The increments due to spraying 100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> were estimated by 17.1 and 18.7% for seed weight per plant and 12.4 and 12.5% for seed yield per feddan compared with control in the first and second season, respectively. Likewise, 100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> enhanced oleic acid, the first main component of fatty acids (unsaturated), being 56.828% against 53.974% in seed of control plants.
A steady and progressive increase in all studied growth traits, LAI and all investigated yield traits were observed with each increment in applied urea rates up to 8% in both seasons. Spraying urea with 8% induced significant increments of 26.2 and 28.9% for seed weight/plant and 18.4 and 20.0 % for seed yield/feddan in the first and second season, respectively. Whereas, seed oil percentage was decreased due to foliar application with urea. Nevertheless, oil yield/feddan was significantly increased due only to the increase induced in seed yield/feddan. Sprayed plants of <em>Brassica napus</em> L. with 8% urea produced oil free from euricic acid and had higher percentage of oleic acid (66.086% of the total fatty acids of the seed).
The interaction among levels of GA<sub>3</sub> and urea proved significant in most of the investigated growth traits, LAI and yield traits. The most effective treatment which gave the highest values of yield and its components (except that of 1000-seed weight) in both studied seasons was that of 50 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> with 8% urea which gave significant increase of 36.8 and 39.7% for seed yield / feddan more than the control in the first and second season, respectively. Such treatment was not significantly differed with that of 50 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> + 4% urea.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401RESPONSE OF ONION TO WATER STRESS AND BIO-FERTILIZERS3669367811719310.21608/jpp.2009.117193ENA. A. KandilAgron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.A. N. E. AttiaAgron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.A. E.ShariefAgron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.A. A. LeilhAgron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20201005Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm Faculty Agriculture Mansoura University, Egypt, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to study the effect of water stress (irrigation at 24, 28,32 and 36cb) and mineral as well as bio-fertilizers combinations i.e. 100% of the recommended dose of NPK, 75% of the recommended dose of NPK alone or plus Alga 600 or plus Algreen or plus Amino total or plus Soft guard as a foliar spraying on yield and its components of onion.
Results showed that increasing watering tension from 24cb through 36cb gradually with great significant decreased the averages onion bulb weight (g), bulb diameter (cm), total bulbs yield (t/fad), bulbs marketable yield (t/fad), and significantly reduced the losses percentage after 2+4+6 months in both seasons. However, increasing watering tension from 24cb through 36cb significantly increased culls bulb yield (t/fad) by each increase in irrigation tension. Normal irrigation of water supply at 24cb markedly recorded the heighst losses percentage of bulbs dry weight in both seasons.
Results indicated that application of 75% NPK+ Soft guard significantly increased average bulb weight (g/plant), bulbs diameter (cm), total bulbs yield (t/fad) and marketable bulbs yield (t/fad) compared with the rest fertilization treatments. However, culls bulbs yield was not significantly response to mineral and bio-fertilization in both seasons.
No significant effect was recorded due to the interaction between irrigation tension treatments and mineral as well as bio-fertilization on bulb weight (g), bulb diameter (cm), total bulbs yield (t/fad), culls bulb yield (t/fad) and bulbs marketable yield (t/fad), while significant interaction was recorded on post harvest losses percent after 2+4+6 months in both seasons.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN DIALLEL CROSSES AMONG SOME MAIZE POPULATIONS UNDER LOW SOIL-N CONDITIONS3679369411719410.21608/jpp.2009.117194ENM. M. M.AttaAgronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201005The objectives of this study were to determine maize populations and population crosses of high tolerance to low-N and to study heterosis and combining ability of diallel population crosses under low- and high-N conditions. In 2002 season, nine maize open-pollinated populations were crossed in a diallel system (excluding reciprocals). In 2003 season, the 9 parental populations and resulting 36 population crosses were evaluated under high- and low-N conditions. Significant mean squares were existed among studied genotypes and N levels for all studied traits, except for ears/plant. Estimates of heterobeltiosis for grain yield and its components increased under low- than under high-N conditions. Ten out of 36 population crosses showed significant positive heterobeltiosis for grain yield under low-N. The highest positive heterobeltiosis estimates for grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) resulted from crossing between parent populations of different origins. The magnitude of GCA variance was greater than that of SCA variance for 6 traits including grain yield and NUE under both high- and low-N, indicating that additive was more important than non-additive genetic variance. Tuxpeno, Giza-2, DTP-1 and Tep-5 were the best populations in <em>per se</em> performance and GCA effects for grain yield and NUE and could be considered as suitable materials for improving traits related to low-N tolerance in maize selection programs. Superiority of population crosses in their <em>per se</em> performance, heterobeltiosis and SCA effects, were shown by the crosses Tep-5 X BS-26, C-87 X Tuxpeno , AED X BS-11 Giza-2 X Tep-5, Giza-2 X BS-26, C-87 X Tep-5 and Giza-2 X DTP-1 in descending order. Such population crosses could be recommended for a heterosis breeding program to isolate inbred lines and develop single cross hybrids of high tolerance to low- N stress conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401EFFECT OF ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL PRODUCTION METHODS ON SOME DIFFERENT GLOBE ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus, L.) VARIETIES3695371111719610.21608/jpp.2009.117196ENAfaf T. M.KasimPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Dept., Hort. Res., Inst., A.R.C.A. M.Abd El-HameidPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Dept., Hort. Res., Inst., A.R.C.Journal Article20201005This study was carried out at Kaha Horticulture Research Farm during the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the effect of perennial and annual methods of production on growth and yield of some globe artichoke varieties.
The treatments included two different production methods; i.e., annual planting and perennial planting in addition to six varieties; i.e. , Balady and Hyrious (local varieties),Green Globe ,Kiss of Burgundy ,Purple of Romagna and Violet Star(new varieties which were introduced in Egypt). A split system in randomized blocks design with three replicates was used in this study.
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized as follow:</strong>
1- The perennial production method surpassed significantly annual production method in number of offshoots /plant, plant height and leaves number/plant.
2- Also, perennial production method led to increasing early and total yield of the local varieties i.e. Balady and Hyrious as well as total yield of the introduced varieties i.e. Green Globe, Kiss of Burgundy, Purple of Romagna and Violet Star. In addition, it improved the tested head quality, i.e., head weight, head diameter and receptacle weight, besides increasing significantly nitrogen and protein percentage in the receptacle.
3- Balady and Hyrious varieties have the highest number of offshoots per plant, leaves number/plant and early yield, while Balady var. is characterized by the highest potassium percentage in its receptacle, but Hyrious var. contained the highest nitrogen and protein percentage in its receptacle.
4- Green Globe and Kiss of Burgundy varieties produced the highest plant height, total yield, head weight, head diameter and receptacle weight, but concerning chemical composition, receptacle of Green Globe variety contains the highest phosphorus percentage.
5- Using perennial method of production with Hyrious var. produced the highest number of offshoots, early yield, and nitrogen and protein percentage. Balady var. followed Hyrious var. in these traits.
6- Kiss of Burgandy and Green Globe varieties produced the highest head weight and head diameter when perennial method of production was used, while Green Globe was superior in head weight, but Kiss of Burgundy was superior in head length.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401A STUDY TO DETERMINE FERTILIZATION RATE AND WATER QUANTITY SUITABLE FOR GROWTH AND QUALITY OF TUBEROSE PLANTS CULTIVATED IN SOME SOIL TYPES3713373111719810.21608/jpp.2009.117198ENS. M.ShahinBotanical Gardens Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. M. A.MahmoudBotanical Gardens Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.M. Y. A.AbdallaVeget. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20201005A study was consummated under the full sun at Orman Botanical Garden, Giza, Egypt during 2007 and 2008 seasons to find out the response of tuberose (<em>Polianthes tuberosa </em>L.) plants grown in 20-cm-diameter black polyethylene bags filled with 2.5 kg sandy, loamy or calcareous soils to the different quantities of irrigation water (100, 150 and 200 ml/plant), as well as different rates of kristalon (0, 2 and 4 g/plant) and their interactions.
The obtained results indicated that sprouting date (days) was not affected by kristalon treatments, but was greatly reduced with increasing water amount to reach the minimum period in plants grown in either loamy or calcareous soil and irrigated with 150 ml of water/plant, while for those grown in sandy soil, 200 ml/plant was the best. Vegetative and root growth [expressed as leaf No./plant, leaf length (cm), and fresh and dry weights (g) of the leaves and roots], flowering [as No. days from planting to first flower open, spike length (cm), rachis length (cm), No. flowers/spike, No. spikes/plant and vase life (days)], as well as bulbs productivity [No. bulblets/plant and the fresh and dry weights (g) of the replacement clump], were significantly improved in response to all individual treatments or their combinations applied in this study, with a notice that the best results in loamy and calcareous soils were obtained when the plants were irrigated with 150 ml of water/plant and fertilized with 2 g of kristalon/plant, while in the sandy soil, that was true when the plants received the highest rates of both watering and fertilization (200 ml and 4 g/plant, respectively). The superiority in all previous traits was for planting in the loamy soil, followed by planting in calcareous one, and then planting in the sandy soil that gave the least records. A similar trend was also gained with regard to leaves content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (mg/g fresh weight), as well as the percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P and K.
Hence, it could be recommended to fertilize tuberose plants grown in sandy soil with 4 g kristalon/plant plus irrigation with 200 ml of water/plant, while in the loamy and calcareous soils, it is preferable to fertilize with 2 g/plant and irrigate with 150 ml/plant. It is also better to cultivate in loamy soil than cultivation in either sandy or calcareous ones.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366934420090401RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HARVESTING DATES, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF SOME WHEAT VARIETIES3733374511720010.21608/jpp.2009.117200ENA. A. M.El-EmamSeed Tech. Res. Sec. Field Crops Res. Institute Agric. Research CenterI. F.MersalSeed Tech. Res. Sec. Field Crops Res. Institute Agric. Research CenterAbeer El- Ward A.IbrahimSeed Tech. Res. Sec. Field Crops Res. Institute Agric. Research CenterJournal Article20201005This work was carried out at Tag El-Ezz Agriculture Research Station, El-Dakahlia Governorate during 2005/ 2006 and 2006/ 2007 seasons to study the effect of harvesting dates i. e. 50, 60, 70 and 80 days after 50% heading on yield, yield components, seed germination, seedling vigour traits and its chemical composition (protein, carbohydrate) contents of some wheat cultivars i. e. Sakha 93, Giza 168, Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 10. The results revealed that. Harvesting wheat after 50 to 70 days from 50% heading increased gradually both of grain yield/ feddan, 1000- grain weight and quality characters of seed, namely germination percentage and germination rate, plumule and radical length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index, carbohydrate content and germination after seed aging in both seasons. However, delaying harvest to 80 days from 50% heading decreased moisture content and electrical conductivity of seed. Harvesting Plants at 50, 60 and 80 days after 50% heading reduced grain yield 60.84, 16.24 and 3.91% in the first season and 64.17, 18.96 and 5.08% in the second season, comparing with harvest at 70 days after 50% heading in both respective seasons. Wheat cultivar Giza 168 surpassed the other cultivars in grain yield/ fed., 1000-grain weight, germination percentage and germination rate, germination after seed aging, electrical conductivity and protein content in both seasons, while, wheat cultivar Gemmiza 9 surpassed the other cultivars in plumule and radical length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index and carbohydrate content in both seasons. The interaction between harvesting dates and wheat varieties had significant effects on all the most studied characters. At 70 days after 50% heading, wheat variety Giza 168 recorded the highest grain yield (21.92 and 21.69 ardab/ fed.), 1000-grains weight and germination percentage and rate. ِِِAt 80 days after 50% heading, wheat cultivar Gemmiza 9 gave the highest seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index, while Giza 168 gave the highest germination after seed aging. Positive correlations were observed between harvesting dates and the most wheat traits except for seed moisture content and electrical conductivity. In conclusion, wheat cultivars can be harvested after 60 to 70 days after 50% heading with obtaining high yield and good seed quality.