Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ESTIMATES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT USING HALF DIALLEL ANALYSIS144114508659110.21608/jpp.2010.86591ENM. S. H.AhmadAgronomy Dep., Fac., of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut Branch, Egypt.Journal Article20200502Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and yield components traits, were studied in a six-parent diallel cross without reciprocals. The 15 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids and the six parental cultivars were grown at 2009/2010 season at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch. Seeds were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data showed that, the mean squares of the genotypes (six parents and 15 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids), GCA and SCA were highly significant for all studied traits except SCA for plant height which was insignificant. The effects of general combining ability (GCA) were highly significant for all the traits measured with the exception of 1000-grain weight trait, while the specific combining ability (SCA) effects were statistically significant for studies traits. The GCA effects clarified that, the parents P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> and P<sub>5</sub> were the good general combiners for most studied traits. On the other hand, the estimates of SCA effects exhibited the highest SCA values regarding the cross P<sub>3</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub> for days to 50% blooming, the cross P<sub>3</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>5</sub> for plant height, the cross P<sub>2</sub><strong>×</strong>P<sub>6</sub> for number of spikes/plant, number of grains/ spikelet and grain yield/plant, the cross P<sub>2</sub><strong>×</strong>P<sub>4</sub> for number of spikelets/ spike and the cross P<sub>5</sub><strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub> for 1000-grains weight. The heterosis versus mid-parents and better-parent elicited highly significant or significant and positive or negative for days to 50% blooming, number of spikes/plant, number of spikelets/spike, 1000-grain weight, number of grains /spikelet and grain yield/plant. The best crosses for these traits in ranking were P<sub>1</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>4</sub>, P<sub>5</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> <strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub> and P<sub>2</sub><strong>×</strong> P<sub>6</sub>. Generally, it could be concluded that the best promising combinations were the previous crosses.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101COMBINING ABILITY AND GENETIC COMPONENT ANALYSES FOR BARLEY GENOTYPES (Horduem vulgare, L.) UNDER STRESS AND NON-STRESS ENVIRONMENTS145114668659210.21608/jpp.2010.86592ENE. H.El-SeidyFac. Agric., Agronomy Dept.,Tanta Univ., Egypt.M. A.El-MoselheyAgric. Res. Centre, Ministry of Agric. and Land Reclamation.A. A.El-GammaalFac. Agric., Agronomy Dept.,Tanta Univ., Egypt.A. A.El-NaggarAgric. Res. Centre, Ministry of Agric. and Land Reclamation.Journal Article20200502The aim of this study was to assess the variations amongeset a half diallel cross using eight varieties and or / lines for drought characters, estimating combining ability and genetic components. For this objective, the investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station during the two seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, Eight diverse barley varieties and/or lines <strong>(</strong><em>Hordeum vulgare, L</em>.) and 28 F<sub>1</sub>'s were planted in two experiments. The first experiment was normally irrigated three times at tillering, elongation and heading stages. The second one irrigated only once at tillering stage. The main results can be summarized as follow ; the water stress treatment decreased the means of relative water content (RWC), total soluble solids (TSS), flag leaf angle (FLa), number of spikes/plant (NS/P), number of kernels/spike (NK/S), 100–kernel weight (100-KW) and grain yield/plant (GY/P) for parents and their hybrids. Irrigation mean squares were significant for all traits , Line 9 was the best combiner under both conditions and Giza 124, Line 5 and Giza 126 under stress and the combined analysis for grain yield, where the best hybrids were Giza 126 x Giza 123 and Giza 126 x Line 10 for earliness and Line 5 x Line 6, Line 6 x Line 4,Giza 126 x Giza 123 and Line 10 x Line 4 for grain yield at both conditions. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.022 for TSS under stress condition to 0.50 for NS/P under normal conditionMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101دراسة أداء بعض الأنماط الوراثية (السورية والأردنية) من القمح القاسي T.durum )) تحت ظروف الزراعة المطرية في سوريا146714778659310.21608/jpp.2010.86593ENمحمود صبوحقسم المحاصيل، کلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشقعامر شاهرليقسم المحاصيل، کلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشقماجد مولودقسم المحاصيل، کلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشقعاصم عورانقسم المحاصيل، کلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشقJournal Article20200502هدف البحث إلى مقارنة أداء أنماط وراثية (سورية وأردنية) من القمح القاسي تحت ظروف الزراعة البعلية في منطقتي الاستقرار الأولى (مرکز بحوث ازرع) والثانية (جلين) وذلک بدراسة تأثير موعد الزراعة، معدلات البذار والموقع. تم دراسة 8 أنماط من القمح القاسي من کل من سوريا (شام3، دوما1، أکساد 1229 ودوما 41008) ومن الأردن (حوراني 27، أکساد65، ف8 سلالة واعدة وأم قيس). تم زراعة التجربة بتاريخ 20/11/2008 للموعد الأول, بيما کان الموعد الثاني 14/12/2008 ,أما الموعد الثالث فکان في 8/1/2009 في کلا الموقعين. کما شمل البحث على ثلات معدلات بذار (15,20,25 کغ /دونم) لکل موعد.
أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فرق معنوي بين الموعدين الأول والثاني وتفوقهما على الموعد الثالث لصفة طول النبات حيث کان متوسط الطول 79.53، 79.36 و73.12 على الترتيب. أما فيما يخص عدد الاشطاءات فلم يلاحظ وجود فرق معنوي بين الموعدين الأول والثاني من جهة وبين الثاني والثالث من جهة ثانية حيث کانت قيم متوسطات عدد الاشطاءات 4.22، 3.84 و3.67 على الترتيب. کما لوحظ عدم وجود فرق معنوي بين الموعدين الأول والثاني وتفوقهما على الموعد الثالث لصفة وزن 100 حبة وکانت قيم المتوسطات 53.94، 52.64 و44.66غ. کان تأثير موعد الزراعة على المعنوية على صفة الإنتاجية الحبية حيث تفوق ميعاد الزراعة الأول تلاه الموعد الثاني والثالث وتحصل على إنتاجية 2509، 2221 و1883 کغ/هکتار على الترتيب.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES TO PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZER UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SALINE SOILS147914938659410.21608/jpp.2010.86594ENB. A.ZayedRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Sakha, Kafr Elsheikh, ARC, Egypt.I. S.El-RafaeeRice Res. & Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Sakha, Kafr El Sheikh, ARC, Egypt.S. E. M.SedeekRice Res. & Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Sakha, Kafr El Sheikh, ARC, Egypt.Journal Article20200503For optimizing rice grain yield under saline conditions; the current trail has been performed during 2009 and 2010 seasons at El-Sirw Agriculture Research Station, Damietta province, Egypt. The main objective of this attempt is to find out the response of six different rice varieties namely, Sakha101, Sakha102, Sakha104, Giza177, Giza 178 and Egyptian hybrid one (Sk2034H) to various phosphorous rates i.e. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup> under newly reclaimed saline soil. The experiments were performed in a split plot design with four replications where, rice varieties were arranged in the main plots and phosphorous rates were occupied the sub plots. The salinity levels of the experimental site were 8.0 and 7.50 dSm-1in 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively with clay soil texture. Growth parameters, nitrogen and phosphorous leaf contents at heading as well as grain yield and yield attributing characteristics were measured at harvest.
The obtained results could be summarized as following, the tested rice varieties were significantly differed in their salt tolerance and in their response to phosphorous rates under saline conditions. Giza 178 and SK2034H hybrid one were the most salt tolerant varieties.
Phosphorous application significantly improved rice growth parameters (dry matter, LAI and chlorophyll content). Nitrogen and phosphorous leaf content were significantly increased by increasing phosphorous rates up to 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>. Phosphorous application was found to be effective in enhancing rice grain yield and all yield attributing characteristics. Grain yield respond to P application up to 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>, while most of yield component up to 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>
Interestingly, the high yielding rice varieties in the terms of Giza 178 and Sk2034H significantly responded to application of phosphorous up to 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the rest rice varieties were significantly responded to phosphorous application up to 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>.
So, in case of newly reclaimed saline soil conditions, it could be recommended to grow Giza 178 and Egyptian hybrid one rice varieties under the same conditions with adding 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>ha<sup>-1</sup>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101GENETICAL STUDIES ON SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN CERTAIN BREAD WHEAT CROSSES UNDER LOW NITROGEN FERTILIZER CONDITION149515138659510.21608/jpp.2010.86595ENG . A .El-ShaarawyWheat Research Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptR. M. A.KoumberWheat Research Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20200503Six parental cultivars and /or lines of bread wheat were used in a half diallel cross at Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, at Egypt during two growing seasons of, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to study combining ability and heterosis and their interactions under two nitrogen fertilizer levels (35 kg N/ faddan (low N)and 70 kg N/ faddan ) for days to heading, grain filling period, plant height, number of spikes / plant, number of grains / spike, 1000- grain weight and grain yield / plant.
Nitrogen fertilizer levels mean squares were found to be highly significant for all studied traits. Being higher at normal nitrogen than those of low nitrogen fertilizer level. Genotypes, parents and the resultant crosses mean squares were found to be highly significant for all traits studied at the two nitrogen levels and their combined except for grain filling period at low nitrogen level of parents. Parent vs. crosses mean squares as an indication to average heterosis overall crosses were found to be highly significant at the two different nitrogen levels and their combined for grain filling period, plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. The interaction of nitrogen levels with genotypes, and crosses were found to be significant for all traits studied except days to heading.
General combining ability ( GCA ) and specific combining ability ( SCA ) mean squares were found to be highly significant for all traits studied at the different nitrogen fertilizer levels and their combined. This would indicate the importance of both additive and non- additive genetic variance in the inheritance of all traits studied. The interactions of nitrogen fertilizer levels with both types of combining abilities were found to be significant for all traits studied except days to heading and number of grains/spike.
The cultivar P<sub>6</sub> proved to be a good combiner for days to heading , plant height, number of grains / spike and 1000- grain weight at the two nitrogen fertilizer levels and their combined. The hybrid combination ( P<sub>4</sub> x P<sub>5</sub> ) showed highly significant desirable SCA effects for plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield / plant. As for grain yield / plant, four hybrid combinations ( P<sub>2</sub> x P<sub>4</sub> ),( P<sub>2</sub> x P<sub>5</sub> ), ( P<sub>2</sub>x P<sub>6</sub>) and ( P<sub>3</sub> x P<sub>4</sub> ) showed highly significant desirable heterosis which varied from 9.407% to 71.542 % relative to their better parents at both low and normal nitrogen fertilizer levels and their combined.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101THE CREDIBILITY OF SOME LABORATORY TESTS FOR PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (Glycin max L. Merril) SEED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS151515238659610.21608/jpp.2010.86596ENAmal M.ElmanzlawySeed Technology Res. Dept. Field Crops Res. Institute, A.R.C.Journal Article20200503<span>Evaluating of seed viability by Lab. germination and Tetrazolium tests were a valuable approach to predict the number of emerging and survivingplants in the field. The present investigation aimed to determine the value of lab. Germination as prerequisite requirement to sale or purchase the seed in the market from one hand, and determine the value of electrical conductivityand tetrazolium as a quick and suitable lab. tests to predict the performance of soybean seeds under field conditions from the other hand. Lab. tests were conducted at Seed Technology Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, according to the international rules, while field trails were undertaken at Sakha Research Station (widely adapted for Egyptian Regions) during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. The results showed highly significant correlation between the numbers of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under lab. Conditions (germination percentage) and those emerged and surviving plants in the field (field emergence and survival percentages) indicating the important of sowing seeds of high germination capacity to achieve a good field establishment. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the number of stained seed due to TZ treatment and those resulted in the field was also significant, indicating that the TZ test can provide more quick evaluation of soybean seed quality and be considered at calculating seeding rate. The value of electrical conductivity to predict seed performance in the field cannot be emphasized.</span>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366911120101101EFFECT OF ORGANIC RESIDUE ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WHEAT UNDER SANDY AND CALCAREOUS SOILS CONDITIONS152515408659710.21608/jpp.2010.86597ENH. M.Abd El-GhanyField Crop Research Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza.Aml E. A.El-SaidySeed Technology Dept., Field Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza.M. M.Zin El-DeenBotany Department, National Research Center, Dokki , Giza.Journal Article20200503Wheat crop production and improvement under unfavorable conditions is the main target for crop growers, breeders and investigators. Sandy and Calcareous soils in dry land areas are marginal for crops production in general. Two field experiments were conducted during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 at Nubaira region, Al-Behera Governorate. To evaluate the effect of organic matter i.e. farmyard manure (FY) and fly ash or filter mud (FA) in different rates and ratios compared with chemical fertilizers recommended on yield, mineral content and grain quality of wheat Gemaza 9 cultivar under sandy and calcareous soils conditions.
Statistical analysis of the data indicated that all studied characters were significantly affected by different soil types. The highest values of grain, straw, biological yields and the content from N, P and K elements were resulted from planting under sandy soil conditions as compared to calcareous soil.
The results showed that there were significant differences among the fertilizer treatments for all studied wheat characters. Applying of organic manure and fly ash (filter mud) at the rate of 1% with ratio 2:1 produced the highest values of grain yield compared with chemical fertilizers. Also, the highest values of N uptake and protein % were obtained from 2% FY: FA with ratio 2:1 compared with control treatment.
The interaction between soil type and organic residue had a significant effect on all studied characters. Adding FY combined with FA with ratio (1:1) at the rate of 1% produced the highest values of grain yield, crop index and harvest index in sandy soil. It is recommended that application of the FY and FA not only recommended as a fertilizer but also as a soil conditioner to enhance yield of wheat in sandy and calcareous soils. Different levels of farmyard manure and fly ash positively influenced the physico-chemical properties of soil and improved yield of wheat crop in response to its favorable effects on the soil characteristics.
Generally, it can be concluded from this study that highest values of grain and straw yields, nutrient uptake and quality of grains could be achieved from wheat cultivar Gemaza 9 by addition the amendments of farmyard manure and fly ash as organic residues into newly reclaimed soils of Egypt as sandy and calcareous soils. Also, it is suggested that the recycling of organic materials from the agricultural usage as an organic-matter resource is recommended alternative to chemical fertilization in Egypt. In addition, the long-term applications of organic residue and/or manure have the most beneficial effects on grain yield and soil quality among the investigated types of fertilization.