Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301REACTING OF MULTIFARIOUS NITROGEN FERTILIZER RESOURCES ON THE YIELD TRAITS OF "ZAGHLOUL CV." DATE PALM AND THE CALCAREOUS SOIL FERTILITY3473658635810.21608/jpp.2010.86358ENA. M.El AssarTropical Fruits and Date Palm Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.H. M.El KounySalinity and Alkalinity Soil Research Department; Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200501This study was conducted during 2006 and 2007 seasons in Nubaria Horticulture Research Station, North Tahreer region, Beheira province, Egypt to assay the impact of some sources of nitrogen (N) fertilizers (experimental factor A), the field addition rates (experimental factor B) and the field application treatments (interaction among the experimental factor levels "ab") on the yield traits and fruit quality characteristics of "Zaghloul" date palm cultivar and the influence on some properties of calcareous soil and its fertility. Factor (A) types were (a1) mineral nitrogen (MN), (a2) animal manure (AM), (a3) poultry manure (PM), (a4) compost (C) and (a5) mixture of MN, AM, PM, and C in 1: 1:1:1 ratio. Factor (B) levels were 0.0, 500, 1000 and 2000 g N/ palm/ year for (b1), (b2), (b3) and (b4), respectively. The interaction among their levels was represented as field experimental treatments. Data were obtained and statistically analyzed in the end of the both seasons for yield & fruits characteristics and in the end second season for soil properties. The results cleared that the studied yield traits; most fruit physical & chemical characteristics except fruit diameter in two study seasons and soluble tannin percentage in the 1<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><sup>st</sup></span> season were statistically affected; likewise, most of soil properties except soil acidity (soil pH) were statistically affected by both experimental factors and the interaction among their levels.
The mineral fertilizer type (a1) level leads to the significant highest palm yield, bunch weight, fruit weight and longest fruit length. On the other side, organic fertilizer types (a2), (a3) and (a4) levels lead to the significant highest values of dry matter percentage , TSS percentage, total sugars percentage and total protein percentage; beside the significant lowest values of fruit juice acidity percentage were obtained in two study seasons. And the lowest significant value of soluble tannins percentage in the 2<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><sup>nd</sup></span> season.
Field addition rate 2000 g N/ palm/ year (b4) level leads to the significant highest palm yield, highest bunch weight, heaviest fruit weight, longest fruit length and the best values of both of dry matter percentage, TSS percentage, total sugars percentage, total protein percentage and fruit juice acidity percentage in both two seasons.
Field application treatment (a1b4) leads to the significant highest palm yield, highest bunch weight and heaviest fruit in two study seasons. On the other hand, the (a4 b4) field application treatment leads to the significant best values of dry matter percentage and fruit juice acidity percentage traits. Also, (a4 b4) treatment leads to significant best values of TSS percentage, total sugars percentage and total protein percentage traits in two seasons. Likewise, this treatment leads to significant best value of soluble tannins percentage (lowest value) in the 2<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><sup>nd</sup></span> season.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>
Concerning the soil properties, the organic fertilizer type (a4) level leads to the significant highest values of soil total nitrogen (T-N), available phosphorus (Av-P), organic matter (OM), soil cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and soil bulk density (Db). Field addition rate 1000 g N/ palm/ year (B3) level leads to the significant highest of T-N, Av-P, OM, CEC, & Db. Field application treatment (a4b3) leads to the significant highest & best value of T- N, Av- P, OM and Db. On the other hand, the (a5b2) leads to the significant best value of soil CEC in the end of second season. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301EFFECT OF PRESOAKING GUAR SEEDS IN SOME PLANT VITAMINS OR PHYTOHORMONES ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN THE PRESENCE OF NACL.3673828635910.21608/jpp.2010.86359ENM. A.KhafagyDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.M. M.DarowishDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.S. M.SalamaDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.El-Shimaa A. M.Abo- El-KheerDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20200501The present experiment is planned as an attempt to minimize the harmful effects of NaCl salinity(2500, 5000 and 7500 ppm) on germination percentage (GP %) and seedlings growth (fresh and dry weight as well as seedling length)of guar, through presoaking seeds in selected phytohormones (ABA or SA) and vitamins (AsA or Thi) at 50 and 100ppm for each. The low level of NaCl increased significantly guar seed germination percentage and seedling growth ,whereas that increasing salinity levels up to 5000ppm decreased seed germination percentage as well as seedling growth and this effect increased consistently and rapidly with increasing NaCl salinity as compared to non-salinized (control). The great reduction occurred under high salinity levels (7500 ppm NaCl). In most cases, presoaking seeds with selected material had a significant effect on seed germination as well as seedling growth under both normal and NaCl saline conditions compared to control except ABA at 100ppm with high salinity levels. On the other hand, under normal conditions, maximum germination was achieved in seeds presoaked with AsA at both level and Thi or SA at 100 ppm .Generally, phytohormone (SA) and plant vitamin (AsAorThi) counteracted the harmful effect of salinity on guar seedling growth against different salinity levels. These results suggested that AsA presoaking alleviate the adverse effects of NaCl presoaking guar seeds salinity on the seed germination and seedling growth of the guar followed by SA over the non- presoaking treatment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301INTERACTION EFFECT OF DATE OF PLANTING, BULB SIZE AND FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TUBEROSE PLANTS.3833958636010.21608/jpp.2010.86360ENM. Y. A.AbdallaVeget. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agriculture Mansoura University Egypt.M. N.Sharf El-DinVeget. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agriculture Mansoura University Egypt.A. M.HamzaVeget. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agriculture Mansoura University Egypt.A. A.HegazyVeget. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agriculture Mansoura University Egypt.Journal Article20200501A field experiment was carried out on tuberose plant during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 seasons at a private farm at Demyana near Belqas Dakahlia Governorate. The main objectives of the study were to find out the effect of using NPK compound fertilizer (19:19:19) the common name (High Fertal) fertilizer at three levels (5, 10 and 15g/plant) either alone or combined with compost (150, 200 and 250g/plant). Tuberose bulbs were graded into large, medium and small sizes and planting was during April, May and June of both seasons .Thus, the experiment was a split split plot design with 3 replicates. The obtained results indicated that large size bulbs planted during April and fertilized with the higher levels of NPK +compost gave the maximum number of cut spikes/ pot with more length compared to using medium or small bulbs receiving the same treatment. Large bulbs also produced spikes of more number of florets spike, more spike diameter, and the number of days from planting to opening of the 1<sup>st</sup> florets was reduced. Also, higher levels of NPK or NPK+ compost increased N, P and K contents in the leaves of large bulbs planted during April, while the lowest contents were for June planting. Thus, it is recommended to use large size bulbs for planting during April and application of NPK at balanced levels along with compost for improvement of soil properties a matter reflexes on flower production.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301EVALUATION OF FRUIT AND SEED YIELD AS WELL AS POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF SOME NEW GENOTYPES OF OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH]3974048636110.21608/jpp.2010.86361ENS. A. M.Abd- AllahHorticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptM. H.TolbaHorticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptKh. A.SolimanHorticulture Research Institute, A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20200501The present study was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 at Sabahia Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt. This investigation aimed to evaluate five genotypes of okra for their edible pods and seed yieldsas well as fruit post harvest quality.It was found that Alexandria 1 cultivargave the highest mean values for edible pod length, number of early edible pods/plant, and total edible pod yield (kg/fed). Alexandria 2 cultivar had the highest mean values for early edible pod yield (kg/fed). Line 1 gave the highest mean values for number of mature pods/ plant; in addition, it was significantly equal to Alexandria 1 cultivar regarding pod length, and Alexandria 2 cultivar concerning weight of 100 seeds. Line2 exhibited the highest mean values for total number of edible pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, and total seed yield (kg/fed). Line 3 showed the highest mean values for edible pod weight, but, it gave the lowest percentage of dry matter in edible pods comparing with the other genotypes. Pod color of Alexandria 1 cultivar was light green. But, it was dark green in lines 1 and 3, and medium green in Alexandria 2 cultivar and line 2. The storage period had significant effects on all chemical traits of okra pods. Total carbohydrate percentage decreased as the period of storage was prolonged. Significant losses were incident after 3 and 6 days of storage. In addition<strong>,</strong> the significant difference was recorded after 3 days of storage regarding dry matter percentage, where it decreased in all genotypes except for line 2. Meanwhile, contents of crude fibersin okra pods increased as the period of storage was prolonged till 6 days then decreased after 9 days. Also, total crude protein content of okra pods increased as the period of storage was prolonged. Significant increase was incident after 9 days of storage.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301ALLEVIATION THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF SOIL SALT STRESS ON MAIZE PLANT BY USING SOME APPLIED ANTIOXIDANTS.4054158636210.21608/jpp.2010.86362ENM. T.SakrAgric. Botany Dep. Fac. Of Agric. Mansoura University.Amal A. A.EL-MahdySeed Technology Dep. Of Agric. Research CenterJournal Article20200501Two field experiments were performed at Tag El-Ezz Research Station, Agric. Res. Center., Ministry of Agric. Egypt. to investigate the role of selected antioxidants on mitigation or alleviation the harmful effect of soil salt stress on maize plant. Soil salt stress in the first area (A<sub>1</sub>) equal 1840 mgl<sup>-</sup> (2.9 dsm-1); the second salt soil area (A<sub>2</sub>) was 6080 mgl<sup>-</sup> (9.5 dsm-1). Applied antioxidants (Ascorbic, α- Tocopherol, Humic, Seaweed extract and Salicylic) significantly increased all growth characters and yield and its components of maize plant compared with untreated plants in the two soils salt areas (A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>) during the two growing seasons. The data also show that applied antioxidant materials were more effective in salt soil area (A<sub>1</sub>). The data also show that applied antioxidant materials could alleviate the harmful effect of high soil salt stress levels on growth, yield and its components of maize plant. ASA and SA were more effective in this respect.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301INHERETANCE NATURE OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE AND SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN BREAD WHEAT4174298636310.21608/jpp.2010.86363ENA. A.NawarDep. Of Agronomy, Fac. Of Agric., Minufiya Univ., Shibin El- Kom.T. M.Shehab El-dinWheat Res. Dep. Field Crops Res. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. N. M.KhalilDep. Of Agronomy, Fac. Of Agric., Minufiya Univ., Shibin El- Kom.H. H.NagatyDep. Of Genetics, Fac. Of Agric.,Minufiya Univ., Shibin El- Kom.K. E.RagabWheat Res. Dep. Field Crops Res. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200501<strong>ABSTRACT</strong>
Wheat leaf rust caused by <em>Puccinia triticina</em> is very destructive to the susceptible wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) cultivars. Breeding for resistance is still the most economic and desirable method for controlling the disease. The objective of this investigation was to: 1) study the nature of inheritance of leaf rust disease resistance as well as grain yield and its related characters, 2) detect leaf rust resistant genes in the studied cultivars under field condition, 3) evaluate using Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions technique (SCAR) for the leaf rust resistance gene <em>Lr37</em> and 4) use SCAR as a tool for selecting and pyramiding different <em>Lr</em>'s resistance genes in Egyptian cultivars. Combining ability effects were estimated using line × tester matting design. Four high yielding cultivars Giza 168, Sakha 93, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 as females ( lines) and four leaf rust monogenic lines. i.e., <em>Lr10, Lr19, Lr37 </em>and<em> Lr39 </em>as males (testers). Broad sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup>b) was computed. The Chi-square test (χ<sup>2</sup>) was used to test the significant of difference between observed and expected ratios in F<sub>2</sub> populations for leaf rust reaction. PCR reaction for SCAR primers was applied. The study included four characters; plant height (PH), leaf rust resistance as average coefficient of infection (ACI), number of spikes per plant (S/P) and grain yield per plant (GY/P). The obtained results can be summarized as follow; Sakha 93 was the best general combiner for PH and Sakha 94 for leaf rust resistance and GY/P. The best combinations for PH were Giza 168 × <em>Lr39</em>, Sakha93 × <em>Lr19</em> and Sakha 94 × <em>Lr37</em>; for leaf rust resistance were Sakha 93 × <em>Lr37, </em>Sakha 93 × <em>Lr39</em>, Sakha 94 × <em>Lr10 </em>and<em> </em>Sakha94 ×<em> Lr19</em> and for yield and its components were Sakha 94 × <em>Lr37 </em>andGemmeiza 9 × <em>Lr19</em>. Giza 168, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 had one or two genes conferring resistance to leaf rust. In addition, <em>Lr39</em> leaf rust resistant gene was present in Giza 168 and Sakha 94. The laboratory studies showed that, the SCAR marker has the potential of detecting <em>Lr37</em> in the studied Egyptian cultivars as well as the monogenic lines. Moreover, Giza 168, line 1 and line 3 had the leaf rust resistance gene <em>Lr37</em>.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM AND YEAST NUTRITION ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TUBEROSE.4314498636410.21608/jpp.2010.86364ENOmaima M.Abd El-KafieVeget. and Flori., Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.A. M.HamzaVeget. and Flori., Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.K. H.El-HindiVeget. and Flori., Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.M. M.Abd El-BasetVeget. and Flori., Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20200501Two field experiments were carried out at the Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to study the influence of calcium superphosphate at 1.05 and 2.10 g / plant, potassium sulphate at 0.70 and1.40 g / plant, and yeast extract at 1, 2 and 3 g/L as foliar sprays once monthly for three months on growth, flowering and chemical composition of tuberose plant.
Yeast extract at 3 g / L was very effective in stimulating vegetative growth and flower as well as mineral content, the use of calcium superphosphate at 1.05 g / plant has led to increase the leaf area, dry weight of leaves, and increase the length and number of flowers. While, the use of concentration 2.10 g / plant led to the shortest period from planting to flowering and harvest in both seasons. The use of potassium sulfate at 0.70 g / plant has led to increase dry weight of leaves and decreased period from planting to flowering and harvest. Besides, the length of spike and the number of flowers / spike and total chlorophyll in the leaves were increased. While, the use of concentration 1.40 g / plant has led to increase the mineral content in the leaves.
Application of yeast extract at 3g/L combined with calcium superphosphate at 2.10g, potassium sulphate at 1.40g in addition to yeast extract at 3g/L, calcium superphosphate 2.10g and potassium sulphate 0.70 g induced higher values concerning (leaf area and dry weight ) over all the other treatments. Moreover, least number of days until harvesting was achieved. Flower quality had higher values and flower number were increased. In addition photosynthetic pigments studied (chlorophyll a+b) when compared with other treatments.
Thus, it could be concluded that spraying tuberose plants with yeast extract (3g/L), calcium superphosphate (1.05g) and potassium sulphate (0.70g / plant) once monthly for three months induced the best vegetative growth and flower quality and economically save about half doses of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Yeast nutrition is considered as a potent, safety and costless natural stimulator.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES AND FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER4514598636510.21608/jpp.2010.86365ENF. A.El-KadyField Crop Res. Inst. Agricultural Res. Center, Egypt.M. M.AwadField Crop Res. Inst. Agricultural Res. Center, Egypt.E. B. A.OsmanField Crop Res. Inst. Agricultural Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200501Two field experiments were carried out in 2006 and 2007 summer seasons at Sakha Agric. Res. Station (ARC) to study the effect of soil and foliar fertilization on growth, yield and its components of sunflower c.v. Sakha 53. Nitrogen fertilizer rates at 15, 30 and 45 kg N/fed were applied alone or along with foliar spray of urea (2%), single superphosphate (4%) and a mixture of micronutrients (100 ppm Fe + 140 ppm Zn + 120 ppm Mn).
Results indicated that vegetative growth traits at 65 days after planting were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer rates and foliar spray nutrient application. Plant height, leaf area and dry matter/plant, as well as chlorophyll <em>a</em> and total photosynthetic pigments in leaves were significantly increased with increasing nitrogen level. Foliar nutrient application of urea remarkably improved growth traits. Flowering date was delayed with increasing nitrogen rates and foliar spraying of micronutrient. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 45 kg N/fed led to significant increases in plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant and seed yield/fed However, seed oil% was decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Oil yield/fed was significantly increased with increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. It could be concluded that nitrogen applied at of 45 or 30 kg/fed with spraying with urea (2%) gave the highest oil yield/fed.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-36691320100301RESPONSE OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN SOME MARINE ALGAE UNDER CADMIUM STRESS4614718636610.21608/jpp.2010.86366ENH. M.El-ShoraBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, EgyptM. E.El-NaggarBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, EgyptA. A.El-ZaghloufyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20200501<em>Ulva lactuca</em> and <em>Carolina</em><em> mediterrnean</em> were collected from Balteem Coast of Egypt. These two algae represented the most common species in two major divisions Chlorophycophyta and Rhodophycophyta which occur in Balteem coast. Treatment of both algae with CdCl<sub>2</sub> at various concentrations (50-250 μmol) resulted in an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase <strong>(</strong>SOD, EC 1.15.1.1<strong>)</strong>, catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)<em>,</em> ascorbate peroxidase(APX, EC 1.11.1.11)and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The increase in the activities of the four enzymes was proportional with the lower CdCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations. However, the higher concentrations (200 and 250 μmol) of CdCl<sub>2</sub> resulted in reduction of enzymes activities in both algae. In addition, CdCl<sub>2</sub> increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents of both algae. Also, the contents of proline and glycine betaine (GB) as well as lipid peroxidation increased with the lower concentrations of CdCl<sub>2</sub> and decreased at the higher concentrations However, lipid peroxidation increased continuously with increasing CdCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations.