Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF WOUNDING, AUXIN TYPE AND CONCENTRATION ON ROOTING OF LEMON VERBENA (Aloysia triphylla (L’HER.) BRITTON) PLANT292729438535910.21608/jpp.2012.85359ENR. A.FoudaAgric. Bot. Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ.H. H.Abdel-KaderVegt. and Flor. Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ.K. H.El-HindiVegt. and Flor. Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ.Hekmat Y.MassoudVegt. and Flor. Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ.Fatma R.IbrahimVegt. and Flor. Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20200425<em>Aloysia </em><em>triphylla</em> (L’Her.) Britton (Verbenaceae) is a deciduous shrub known as lemon verbena and is an important medicinal and aromatic plant. The experiments were carried out at the Farm of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, and Laboratory of Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ. during the seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008. The experiments aimed to studythe effect of wounding and auxin type and concentration on rooting of <em>Aloysia triphylla</em> plant. Anatomical changes during the formation and emergence of adventitious roots were performed in addition to determination of endogenous IAA. The results showed that both IBA and NAA increased rooting percentage and number and length of roots of the cutting. The effects of both growth regulators depended on the concentration used. Best results for number and length of roots per cutting were achieved using 2000 ppm IBA and 1000 ppm NAA. Wounding of the cuttings in addition to the use of auxins improved rooting of the cuttings, and the best rooting resulted from wounding the cutting plus treating them with 2000 ppm IBA and 1000 ppm NAA. Anatomical studies showed that narrow phloem tissue, cambial zone and vascular rays beside badly and slowly formation of the vascular connection between the new roots and the vascular tissues of the cuttings seemed to be mostly responsible for difficult to root cuttings. Results showed also that number of roots per cutting, and root length were increased with increasing endogenous IAA content. This increase correlated with auxin treatments, auxin type and their concentrations.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATES, PLANT DENSITIES ON APHID, (Aphis craccivora KOCH) INFESTATION RATE, YIELD AND YIELD CHARACHTERISTICS OF TWO FABA BEAN CULTIVARS IN MINIA REGION294529568536110.21608/jpp.2012.85361ENG. A.Abd El-HafezField Crops Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.T. H.TohamyPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Doki, Giza, Egypt.A. M.GabraField Crops Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.M. A. M.IbrahimField Crops Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200425A field yield trial was conducted under natural condition at Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia Governorate during two successive winter seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) to study the effect of sowing dates (15<sup>th</sup> October, 5<sup>th</sup> and 25<sup>th</sup> November), plant densities (22, 27 and 33 plants/m<sup>2</sup>) and two faba bean cultivars (Giza 2 and Giza 843) on yield, yield components and aphid (<em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch) infestation rate.
Results indicated that, sowing faba bean in November 5<sup>th</sup> recorded the lowest number of aphid/plant and gave the highest yield and yield components compared to either early or late sowing (October 15<sup>th</sup> and November 25<sup>th</sup>). Giza 843 cultivar record the lowest means of density of aphid (283.11 and 158.93 individuals/leaf/100 plants), as well as produced the highest seed yield (9.59 and 8.84 ard.fed) in two seasons, respectively. However, the highest density of aphids (389.11 and 206.19 aphids/100 plants and seed yields (7.69 and 6.15 ard./fed.) recorded from Giza 2 cultivar in the first and second seasons. Aphid infestation rate and plant height (cm) were progressively increased with increasing plant density from 22 to 33 plants/m<sup>2</sup>. While number of, branches, pods, seeds and seed yield (g) per plant were decreased with increasing plant density. On the other hand, the highest seed index and seed yield (ard./fed.) were recorded with 27 plants/m<sup>2</sup> in both seasons. The lowest population of <em>A. craccivora </em>(63.7 and 6.67 individuals/100 plants) and the highest seed yield (14.07 and 13.10 ard./fed.) were obtained from sowing Giza 843 cultivar on November 5<sup>th</sup> and 27 plants/m<sup>2</sup> in both seasons. It could be concluded that Giza 843 with 27 plants/m<sup>2</sup> and sowing at November 5<sup>th</sup> maximize faba bean productivity, decreases aphid and virus infestation.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201NUTRIENTS UPTAKE AS AFFECTED BY COMPOSTED RICE STRAW IN FLOODED RICE SOIL295729688536210.21608/jpp.2012.85362ENS. A.HammadSoil Sci. Dept. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.K. H.EL-HamdiSoil Sci. Dept. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.S. A.GhanemRice Research. &Training Center, Sakha Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt.E. S.NaeemRice Research. &Training Center, Sakha Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt.Howida B. I.El-habetRice Research. &Training Center, Sakha Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt.Journal Article20200425A field experiment was conducted to study the uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn by rice fertilized with the combination of urea and composted rice straw. The highest yield of rice grains was recorded by the application of 2 tons composted rice straw plus 71.75kg N. fed<sup>-1</sup>.The maximum 1000. grain weight obtained by the plot receiving no fertilizer. Utilization of 2 tons composted rice straw plus 51.75 kg N. Fed<sup>-1</sup> gave the highest value number of panicles. hill<sup>-1</sup>. Results showed that the uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn increased when urea plus composted rice straw applied especially when 51.7 kg N. fed<sup>-1</sup> combined with two tons composted rice straw. Data showed also that N and P uptake by rice grain was higher than uptakeby rice straw but K, Fe, Mn and Zn uptake gave the opposite trend. The results of simple correlation coefficient ( r ) between grain yield (y) and each of total N uptake ( x1 ) , total P uptake ( x2 ) and total K uptake ( x3 ) showed that ( y ) was positively and significantly associated with x1, x2 and x3. Moreover the character most closely associated with grain yield ( y ) was the total N uptake ( x1 ) (r=0.99 ). Multiple linear regression showed that the prediction equation for grain yield (y) was formulated as follows: Grain yield = 291 + 38.7 total N uptake - 18 total P uptake + 7.7 total K uptake.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201GENE ACTION AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SOME AGRONOMIC AND BIOTIC STRESS TRAITS AFFECTING GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN RICE297129928536310.21608/jpp.2012.85363ENS. E. M.SedeekRice Res. and Training Center, Field crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterR. A. S.El-ShafeyRice Res. and Training Center, Field crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterS. A.HammoudRice Res. and Training Center, Field crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterR. A.El-NamakyRice Res. and Training Center, Field crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20200425Egypt has the world’s highest rice productivity from unit area, yet yield was constrained by biotic stresses being targeted by breeders. This work was carried out at the experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha Kafer El-Sheik, Egypt, during 2011 and 2012 rice growing seasons. Five parents and their 10 hybrids were used to study gene action, combining ability and heterosis for certain agronomic traits and biotic stresses. Giza177 and M101 rice varieties were resistant to rice blast, while GZ6214 and M202 were resistant to stem borer, and both M201 and M202 to white tip nematode. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for all studied traits. M202 gave highly significant and negative estimates of GCA effects desired for plant height, vegetative stage, reproductive stage and days to heading. Significant and highly significant negative estimates of SCA effects were found for plant height, vegetative stage and days to heading. The best crosses for yield and its components were Giza177 x GZ6214, Giza177 x M201, Giza177 x M202, GZ6214 x M201 and GZ6214 x M202. Regarding stem borer infestation, the crosses M101 x M201, M101 x M202 and Giza177 x GZ6214 gave highly significant and desirable negative estimates of SCA. For blast reaction, stem borer infestation and white tip nematode two hybrid combinations, Giza177 x GZ6214 and GZ6214 x M201 recorded highly significant negative desirable heterosis and showed highly significant negative SCA effects. M202 was a good resource for resistance to white tip nematode, with all crosses with this cultivar having low levels of infection. Principal component analysis as one of Multivariate analysis components was used to study the genetic dissimilarity and relative importance of agronomic and biotic traits as a source of variation among the five parents and their hybrids. The first three principal components were significant and accounted about 80.4 % of the total variance of all characters. The 15 rice genotypes were grouped into three major clusters based on relative dissimilarity among them with significant differences among these groups for most characters, the progeny produced from crossing between Egyptian and US parents which are distantly related showed divergent distance and gave values surpassed their parents in most characters. The results of all multivariate analysis showed that US parent M202 is the most divergent parent. Grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup>, filled grains panicle<sup>-1</sup>and blast reaction were the most important source of variation among all genotypes with largest coefficients on the first PC axis. However, the second axis PC2 deals with the most earliness characters; vegetative stage and days to heading. On the other side, PC3 was dominated by white tip nematode. Finally, crossing among more genetic divergent Egyptian rice varieties Giza 177, GZ6214 and US parents created new suitable combinations in breeding program. Rice breeder can maximize genetic diversity among new cultivars, meanwhile at the same time maintaining the level of desired agronomic traits present in current popular cultivars. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF FOLICOTE ANTITRANSPIRANT ON SWEET POTATO CROP AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION TREATMENTS299330098536510.21608/jpp.2012.85365ENS. A. M.MoussaSabaheya Horticultural Res. station, Horticultural Res. Institute, Agriculture Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200425<strong> </strong>Two field experiments concerning sweet potato crop were carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 at a newly reclaimed area, at El-Nubariya city south of Alexandria governorate, Egypt. The experiments were designed to study the efficiency of the film-forming antitranspirant (Folicote) concentrations; i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15% (v/v) on optimization irrigation water in the low-water areas. Four irrigation quantities were applied; 1800 m<sup>3</sup>/fed., 2080 m<sup>3</sup>/fed., 2360 m<sup>3</sup>/fed. and 2640 m<sup>3</sup>/fed. (common rate) to investigate the effects of water deficiency on some important economic traits on sweet potato crop. The studied vegetative characters were positively affected with increasing Folicote concentration from zero up to 15 %. The total tuber root yield per fed. trait was gradually increased with increasing Folicote concentrations from zero up to 15 %. The decreasing of irrigation quantity from 2640 m<sup>3</sup>/fed. down to 1800 m<sup>3</sup>/fed. led to negatively effects on sweet potato yield and the economical studied characters. It could be concluded from this study that 280 m<sup>3</sup> water per feddan could be saved when sweet potato plants foliar sprayed with Folicote at the rate of 15 % and at the same time obtaining high yield compared with the common irrigation water quantity (2640 m<sup>3</sup>/fed.). Folicote applications resulted in significant increases in the water-use efficiency over the control treatment. The increases in water-use efficiency were about 36.05% and 18.40% over the control treatment (zero Folicote) when 15 % Folicote was sprayed on the sweet potato foliage during the two seasons of the study, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201MAXIMIZING RICE PRODUCTIVITY BY ALGALIZATION UNDER WATER DEFICIENCY301130268536610.21608/jpp.2012.85366ENG. A.Abdel-FattahRice Res. and Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, 33717 Sakha-Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptM. M.ShehabRice Res. and Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, 33717 Sakha-Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptW. M.El KhobyRice Res. and Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, 33717 Sakha-Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptA. M.El-EkhtyarRice Res. and Training Center, Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, 33717 Sakha-Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20200425Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2009and 2010 summer seasons to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals,3-days "T1",6-days "T2" and 9-days "T3" on three rice cultivars; namely, Giza 177, "V1", Giza 178 "V2" and Sakha 104 "V3" with Algalization (cyanobacteria) rates; namely, control (without Algalization, C0), 1000 g/fed "C1" and 1500 g/fed "C2 ". The data showed that Giza 178 gave the highest values, while, Giza 177 had the lowest for plant height, number of tillers/m<sup>2 </sup>and number of roots/hill. Also, Giza 177 had the superiority over the other two cultivars in grain yield and water utilization. This efficiency could be attributed to its higher number of filled grains/panicle, sterility( %) and 1000- grain weight. On the other side, the gel consistency and gelatinization temperature of all rice cultivars were soft and low, respectively. Data clarified that increasing irrigation intervals decreased plant height, number of
,
tillers/m2 DMA, panicles length, number of panicles/ m<sup>2</sup>, number of filled gains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. However, the opposite was true for sterility percentage and WUE. In addition, rice quality was not significantly affected by irrigation intervals. All growth characters were significantly increased due to Algalization compared to the non-algalized plots. Also, grain yield, grain yield components, WUE and rice quality were significantly increased due to algalization, compared to the non-algalized plots. Generally, it could be concluded that, from the study, rice might be irrigated every six days and save water without deleterious effects, on its production, under Algalization with cyanobacteria with the rate ranged from 1000 to 1500 g/fed. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201RESPONSE OF GIZA 90 COTTON CULTIVAR TO SOWING DATES AND FIRST IRRIGATION( AL-MOHAYAT) TIME302730358536710.21608/jpp.2012.85367ENF. S.HamedCotton Research Institute, Agric. Res. Cent. Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200425Two field experiments were carried out at Shandweel Agricultural Research Station in 2009 and 2010 seasons to study the effect of sowing dates and first irrigation( Al-Mohayat) on growth, earliness, seed cotton yield and its components of Giza 90 (<em>Gossypium barbadense</em> L.). A split-plot design with four replications was used. The main plots were assigned to sowing dates (March 25, April 10 and April 25). Al-Mohayat irrigation time i.e., two, three and four weeks after sowing were assigned in the sub-plots. The results indicated that early sowing (March 25) significantly increased days to first flower, days to first open boll, number of open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield per plant and per feddan in both seasons. While, plant height at harvest and location of first fruiting node branch were decreased. Meanwhile, number of fruiting branches/plant, boll weight and number of plants at harvest/feddan were not significantly affected by sowing dates in both seasons. Delaying Al-Mohayat irrigation to four weeks after sowing significantly increased plant height at harvest, location of first fruiting node branch and days to first open boll in both seasons. While,delaying Al-Mohayat irrigation to three weeks after sowing significantly increased number of open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield per plant and per feddan in both seasons. Meanwhile, number of fruiting branches/plant, days to first flower, boll weight and number of plants at harvest/feddan were not significantly affected by Al-Mohayat irrigation.The interaction between sowing dates and Al-Mohayat irrigation had a significant effect on plant height at harvest, boll weight, number of open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield per plant and per feddan in both seasons. While, number of fruiting branches/plant, days to first open boll and number of plants at harvest/feddan were not affected in both seasons. Generally, best results were obtained when cotton plants were sown early (25 March) and Al-Mohayat irrigation (three weeks).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS303730498536810.21608/jpp.2012.85368ENR. H. A.GhodiaPlant Production Department, Desert Research CenterJournal Article20200425Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive winter seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 at Siwa Oasis, Khamisa region, Egypt. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on onion (<em>Allium cepa </em>L<em>.</em>) cv. Giza 20 grown on sandy soil irrigated with saline water (about 7000 ppm). Three sources of organic manure (farmyard, sheep and poultry manure) were added to the soil before transplanting at rate of 30, 20 and 10 m<sup>3</sup> /fed. respectively. Bio-fertilizers (Nitrobeine, Phosphorene and Nitrobeine + Phosphorene) were used at rate of 3 kg/fed. for each one by dipping onion seedlings in bacterial suspension before transplanting. Growth characters, yield and its components as well as chemical content of onion bulb were recorded. As for the effect of organic manures on vegetative growth of onion plant expressed as plant height, number of leaves per plant and fresh and dry weight per plant, results showed that the best values were obtained with application of poultry manure when compared with other organic manure applications. Moreover, yield and its components (bulb and neck diameter, bulb fresh and dry weight and total yield as well as chemical content of onion bulb (T.S.S., Carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) gave the same previous trend. As regard to the effect of bio-fertilizers, the mixture of Nitrobeine combined with Phosphorene gave the highest values of all parameters, except neck diameter, followed by adding Nitrobeine as compared with using Phosphorene. As for the effect of the interaction between organic manures and bio-fertilizers, results indicated that application of poultry manure combined with the mixture of Nitrobeine and Phosphorene gave the best vegetative growth, bulbs yield and chemical bulb contentMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND/OR Pseudomonas fluorescens ON POTATO STRESSED WITH Ralstonia solanacearum305130688536910.21608/jpp.2012.85369ENM. T.SakerAgric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., 35516, El-Mansoura, Egypt.Heba M.IbrahimAgric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., 35516, El-Mansoura, Egypt.Nevein A. S.MessihaPotato Brown Rot Project (PBRP) Dokki, EgyptShahenda M.FaragPotato Brown Rot Project (PBRP) Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20200425The present study was undertaken to unravel the biocontrol potential of <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens </em>(<em>Pf</em>) against potato bacterial wilt caused by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> and the possible augmentative effect of salicylic acid (SA) in this respect. Pathogen-inoculated and uninoculated plants were treated with either <em>Pf</em>, SA or both, and the effects of the treatments were tested on the pathogen prevalence, management and some pathogenesis-related biochemical constituents as well as on vegetative growth parameters of the host. In addition, molecular analysis was performed to assess the antibiotic-producing ability of <em>Pf</em>. Results indicated that <em>Pf</em> harbors the phlD gene encoding the antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Application of SA augmented the biocontrol effect of <em>Pf</em> hence, the suppressive effect of the combined treatment surpassed that of either <em>Pf</em> or SA alone. Besides the direct effect of the combined treatment on the pathogen, indirect effects manifested by increasing the accumulation of ascorbate, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as by inducing activity of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Direct and indirect effects of the combined treatment were reflected in enhanced growth of <em>Pf</em>+SA-treated plants compared with untreated, pathogen-inoculated plants. It was concluded that SA could be utilized to boost the biocontrol action of <em>Pf</em> as an environment-friendly approach for controlling potato bacterial wilt disease.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS WITH SALICYLIC ACID AND CHITO-CARE ON NAVEL ORANGE FRUITS QUALITY AND STORABILITY COMPARED WITH THE COMMERCIAL POSTHARVEST FUNGICIDE TREATMENT306930828537010.21608/jpp.2012.85370ENM. A. A.MohamedFruit Handling Dep., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.H. G.El-MehratCentral Lab. of Organic Agriculture. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.A. S. E.SalemCentral Lab. of Organic Agriculture. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200425This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 on Navel orange at fruit handling department, horticulture research institute, Giza, Egypt. Fruits were harvested at maturity stage from a private orchard in El-Fayoum governorate, Egypt. At the laboratory, fruits were dipped in 200 or 300 ppm of Salicylic acid or 10000 or 20000 ppm of Chito-care or the combination between the two doses from each compound. Other fruits were dipped in 1500 ppm of Imazalil, the commercial postharvest treatment to be used as control. Fruits were stored at 10°C and 85-90 R.H. for up to six months. Fruits were examined monthly intervals to determine the effect of these treatments on fruit physical and chemical properties. Results cleared that, weight loss and decay percentage, total soluble solids and total soluble sugars contents of orange fruits increased while fruit firmness, total acidity and vitamin C contents decreased gradually and significantly with the increasing of storage periods. Peel fruit color changed directly from green yellow to yellow with the increasing of storage periods. Postharvest treatments with either Salicylic acid or Chito-care significantly decreased weight loss, decay incidence, fruit firmness deterioration rate, the change of peel color, the decreasing rate of total acidity and vitamin C contents of orange fruits compared with the commercial postharvest treatment during storage. On the other side, there were no clear trends concerning the effect of these treatments on total soluble solids and total soluble sugars contents of orange fruits during storage. Moreover, the higher doses either alone or in combination with the other compound had the priority. In briefly we can conclude that, orange fruits postharvest treatments with any of the examined compounds with the higher dose to reduce postharvest decay incidence during transportation process or cold storage could be a successfull alternative to reduce the using of fungicide on orange fruits and to reduce its bad effects on consumer healthy and the environment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH GROWTH PROMOTERS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE308530998537110.21608/jpp.2012.85371ENM. A.BadawiAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.A. N. E.AttiaAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.A. A.LeilahAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.Rasha S. A.EL-MoursyAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University.Journal Article20200425Two field experiments were performed at the Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, MansouraUniversity, during the two successive summer seasons of 2010 and 2011. The main objective of this study was maximizing maize hybrid S.C. 128 productivity through determining optimum nitrogen fertilizer level and foliar spraying with growth promoters treatment. A strip plot design with four replicates was used. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows:
Application nitrogen fertilization at the level of 130 kg N/fed significantly exceeded other studied levels (90 and 110 kg N/fed) in growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield and protein percentage in grains in both seasons.
Foliar spraying maize plants with Aminototal after 25 and 35 DFS resulted in the highest values of studied growth characters and protein % in grains in both seasons. However, foliar spraying with Melagrow after 25 + 35 days from sowing gave the highest values of number of ears/plant, ear length and diameter, ear weight, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, ear grains weight, 100-grain weight and grain yield/fed in both seasons. Foliar spraying with Aminototal after 25 + 35 DFS came in the second rank after foliar spraying with Melagrow without significant differences between them in both seasons.
Generally, it can be concluded that according to the obtained results from this study, mineral fertilizing maize plants hybrid S.C. 128 with 130 kg N/fed and foliar spraying with Melagrow or Aminototal twice after 25 and 35 days from sowing in order to maximizing its growth and productivity under the environmental conditions of El-Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING SYSTEM AND SOWING DATES OF WHEAT INTERCROPPED WITH SUGAR BEET310131168537310.21608/jpp.2012.85373ENA. M.Abou-ElelaCrop intensification Dept., Field Crop Inst., A. R. C., Giza,EgyptJournal Article20200425An intercropping trail of wheat with sugar beet was carried out at Gemmeza Research Station, El Gharbiua Governorate,Egypt, in2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons to study the effect of intercropping wheat with sugar beet at different sowing dates.
1-Results showed that all the traits of sugar beet were significantly reduced by intercropping system of wheat with sugar beet as compared with pure stand in both seasons.Intercropping system of wheat with sugar beet on the top of the second bed (120cm)S4 had the highest values for all character. ,while,the lowest values were obtained from intercropping wheat with sugar beet on the other side of the second ridge (60cm S1).
2- All characters for yield and yield components of wheat were significantly affected by intercropping system and sowing date in the two seasons,except,spike length in the first season and No. of spikelets in the second season,respectivily.The highest values were obtained from intercropping wheat with sugar beet on S3 in both seasons,while,from S1 on sowing date (T1) in the both seasons .
3-Table(1) The interactions between intercropping system and sowing dates of wheat had significant effects on all the traits of sugar beet ,except,yield(t/fed.) in both seasons,while,all charactersof wheat had in insignificant in both seasons,except, plant height, no.of spikes/m2,No. of grains/spike and grain yield/fed.were had significant effects in both seasons.
4- The highest values of land equivalent ratio( LER) was1.306and1.253 in the of first and second seasons,respectively.
5-Relative crowding coefficient(R.C.C.)was12.99 and 5.36 in the two seasons,were recorded with intercropping wheat on the top of the second bed of sugar beet (S4) .
6-Aggressivity(Ag) indicated that sugar beet was the dominat crop,whereas wheat was the dominated in both seasons.
7- The highest gross return was obtained with cropping 25% of pure stand of wheat on the top of the second bed of sugar beet (S4) in the first season,while,the highest value was produced when wheat sown on all beds of sugar beet in the second season(S3).
From this study it could be concluded that, the best results for sugar beet was obtained by intercropping system of wheat with sugar beet on the top of the second bed(120cm)S4with sowing wheat after42 days(T3).While,the highest grain yield/fed for wheat was obtained with suger beet planted on both sides of the bed(120cm) and wheat planted on the top of all bedsxwheat planted in the same time of seeding sugar beet (S3/T1)in both seasons.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ESTIMATES FROM LINE X TESTER MATING DESIGN UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)311731378537410.21608/jpp.2012.85374ENH. M.HassanRice Research Section, Filed Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.S. A. A.HammoudRice Research Section, Filed Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. M.El-MoghazyRice Research Section, Filed Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. B.El-AbdRice Research Section, Filed Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200425A Study on combining ability and heterosis were conducted on 15 F1 hybrids along with eight rice genotypes (five lines and three testers) to understand the pattern of inheritance of yield, its components and some root traits for selecting superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out using line x tester mating design, during 2010-2011 rice growing seasons at the experimental farm of Rice Research and TrainingCenter, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for days to 50% heading, plant height, panicle length and weight, number of filled grains/panicle, number of panicles/plant, number of roots/plant, root length and volume and grain yield/plant traits under water stress conditions, indicated that the genotypes had wide genetic diversity for the studied traits. Significance of the means of sum squares due to lines and testers indicated a prevalence of additive variance. However, significant differences due to interactions of line x tester for the above mentioned traits, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive variance in the inheritance of these traits. The mean squares due to GCA as well as SCA were significant for all studied traits except 100- grain weight and root/shoot ratio. Thus, the significance of GCA (variances due to lines and testers) and SCA (variances due to lines x testers) implied that both additive and non-additive types of variation was available for all the traits, yet additive genes were more important than the dominant genes because variance due to GCA was higher than that of SCA for all mentioned traits. Moreover, the ratio of GCA and SCA variances was greater than unity for all the traits studied that revealed the preponderance of additive gene action over the non-additive gene action. IET 1444, Morobrekan and Giza 178 rice genotypes were the best general combiners due to highly significant GCA effects for number of roots/plant, root volume and root length traits. Moreover, Wab 450-JR-4-1-1 as tolerant to water stress conditions was the best general combiner for panicle weight, number of filled grains/panicle, otherwise, Sakha 102, rice genotype was the poorest combiner comparing with other rice genotypes for all the studied traits, except days to 50% heading. The crosses, Sakha 105 x IET 1444, Sakha 103 x Sakha 102 and Morobrekan x Wab 450-JR-4-1-1 were found to be the best cross combinations for most of the studied traits; these crosses had high and significant SCA in desirable direction under water stress conditions.
Highly significant and positive estimates of heterosis and heterobeltiosis were recorded in Morobrekan x IET 1444, Sakha 105 x IET 1444 and Sakha 104 x Sakha 102 for number of panicles/plant, panicle length and number of roots and their volume/plant, respectively. The highest estimated values of phenotypic (Vph) and genotypic (Vg) variances were observed for number of filled grains/panicle, root number/plant and root volume indicating better scope for the genetic improvement in these three mentioned traits. High broad-sense heritability, coupled with high genetic advance, were observed for plant height, panicle weight, number of panicles/plant, sterility % and grain yield/plant, indicating the role of additive genetic variance in the expression of these traits and direct selection might be highly effective in early generations to improve these traits under water stress conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN WATERMELON HYBRIDS313931488537510.21608/jpp.2012.85375ENS. A.OmranVeget.Breeding Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptW. A. E.RamadanVeget..Self Pollinated. Res. Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptY. A. M.MostafaVeget. Cross Pollinated Res. Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200425This study was carried out to produce promising hybrids of watermelon. Five lines i.e. Line 1 = L 84; Line 2 = L 85 ; Line 3 = L 94 ; Line 4 = L 84g and Line 5 = L 63 were used as female parents and crossed with four cultivars i.e. Tester 6 = Crimson sweet , Tester 7 = Charleston Gray, Tester 8 = Sugar Baby , and Tester 9 = Giza1 as male parents (testers) using a factorial mating design ,in the summer season of 2010.Twenty hybrids and their nine parents (five lines and four testers) were evaluated at the Sakha farm of Horticulture Research Institute in the summer season of 2011 along with check variety Aswan F<sub>1</sub> to study heterosis and combining ability. Vine length; No. of branches per plant; No of fruits per plant; average of fruit weight; total yield per plant; No. of days to maturity and total soluble solids content ( TSS) were studied. Averages of heterosis values over better parent were positively significant for many studied traits. Both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for many traits. Line 5 is a good combiner for vine length with value 15.73 and Line 1 is a good combiner for No. of branches per plant with value of 0.88. Line 2 is a good combiner for No. of fruit per plant with value of 0.46. Line 3 is a good combiner for average of fruit weight and total yield per plant with values of 0.41 and1.43,respectively .. Line 2 and tester 8 were a good combiner for earliness with of values of -4 and -5.3, respectively, and Line 4 is a good combiner for TSS% with value of 1.19. The best crosses were, 5x6 for vine length with value of 39.67, 4x8 for No. of branches with value of 1.14, 3x7 for No. of fruit per plant with value of 1.1 and 2x8 for average of fruit weight, total fruit yield per plant and TSS with values 1.7, 10.07and 1.13,respectively, 2x9 for earliness with value of -9.67Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Production2090-366931220121201GENETIC STUDIES ON GRAIN DIMENSION, YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN RICE UNDER SALINE SOIL CONDITIONS (Orayza sativa L.)314931648537610.21608/jpp.2012.85376ENH. M.HassanRice Research Section, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200425The present investigation was carried out at the Lysimeter of the Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2009, 2010 and 2011 summer seasons. The aim of this investigation estimate heterosis, heterobeltiosis, heritability in broad and narrow senses, expected genetic advance, inbreeding depression, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability and nature of gene action for grain dimensions, yield and its related traits in rice using six populations technique, viz., P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 generation of (Nabatat Asmar x Sakha 105) rice cross under both saline soil irrigated with 10.6 dSm<sup>-1</sup> of sodium chloride (NaCL2) and calcium chloride (CaCL2) at the ratio of 1: 2, respectively, and normal soil conditions irrigated with tap water (EC, 0.77 dSm<sup>-1</sup>). The main finds could be summarized as follows:
The results indicated that highly significant and positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis were obtained for all the studied traits under saline soil conditions, except 100-grain weight, grain width and grain shape traits, which, showed highly significant and negative estimates of heterosis when it were measured as a deviation from better-parent under normal soil conditions for the first two traits. Highly significant and negative estimates of heterosis when it was measured as a deviation from mid-parent for the third trait. Phenotypic coefficient of variability (P.C.V) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (G.C.V) for all the studied traits, indicating that they all affected by environment conditions. High estimates of broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for days to 50 heading, plant height, 100-grain weight, panicle weight, grain length, grain width and grain shape under two conditions. Therefore, direct selection for these characters is recommended in early generations. In addition, incomplete dominance to over-dominance was operative for most the studied traits under two conditions.
The estimates of nature of gene action showed that mid-parent values were positively and highly significant for all the studied traits under two conditions except days to 50 % heading, plant height and sterility % under two conditions. Additive gene action was important for all the studied traits except plant height, grain length and grain shape under saline soil conditions. Whereas, dominance gene action was played an important role in the inheritance of 100- grain weight and grain yield/ plant. Moreover, additive x additive type of gene interaction were important for plant height, 100- grain weight and sterility % under normal conditions. On the other hand, grain yield/ plant followed by number of filled grains/ panicle, panicle length, grain length and panicle weight were affected by dominance x dominance gene interaction.
The results in general, revealed that days to 50 % heading, plant height, panicle length, grain length, grain width, and grain shape were controlled by almost one pairs of effective genes suggesting that these traits were inherited as simple traits under two conditions. Moreover, number of panicles/ plant and number of filled grains/ panicle under saline soil conditions were probably controlled by two to sixty nine pairs of genes indicating that these traits were inherited as a complicated or quantitative traits, so, selection late generation was important and play an remarkable role in important such traits.