2024-03-29T07:56:48Z
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=17534
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND PLANT POPULATION DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SOME GENOTYPES OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.) UNDER SOUTHERN EGYPT CONDITIONS.
E. A.
Abd El-Lattief
F. Sh.
Seedek
H. K. A.
Rehab
This study was conducted on the Experimental Farm of the Shandaweel Research Station at Sohage, Egypt, during 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons. The investigation was aimed to study the effect of irrigation at 45, 60 and 75% of available soil water deficit (ASMD) and two plant population densities (35000 and 70000 plants/ fad.) on productivity and water use efficiency of some genotypes (Lines 1, 2, 3 and Giza1 cv) of safflower. A randomized complete block, split- split plot design with three replicates was used in each season. Irrigation treatments, genotypes and plant population densities were randomly assigned to the main, sub-plots and sub- sub plots, respectively.
Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD.
Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad. significantly increased plant height, seed and oil yield fad-1, while, decreased number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant. In this case, seed oil content was not affected by plant population density. In general, Line 3 surpassed others genotypes in the most studied characteristics.
The interaction between irrigation regime x genotype as well as irrigation regime x plant population density had a significant effect on the 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content, oil yield /fad and WUE. Meanwhile, interaction between plant population density x genotype or between three factors, had a significant effect on seed yield /fad. and WUE only.
Seasonal water consumptive use was 30.03, 26.05 and 23.95 cm when irrigated safflower plants at 45%, 60% and 75% of ASMD, respectively. Results indicated that irrigation at 60% of ASMD gave the highest value of WUE (31.32 kg seed yield cm-1 of water consumed). Also, plant population densities at 70000 plants /fad. gave the highest value of WUE. Moreover, Line 3 was more efficient in water use than other genotypes.
So, from results of seed yield and WUE, a high or medium irrigation rates with high plant population densities and planted safflower genotype Line 3 are adequate under this study condition.
safflower
ASMD
population density
Oil content
Oil yield
WUE
2009
01
01
257
267
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116610_b939eb4e6d1d4bee5f8513c4f8d2ce3f.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
ACTIVITIES OF L-ASPARAGINASE FROM CICER COTYLEDONS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS
H. M.
El-Shora
Laila A. U.
El-Naqeeb
L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) activity is measured in Cicer arietinum cotyledons. Studying the relation between germination time of Cicer and L-asparaginase activity throughout 7 days revealed that L-asparaginase activity increased gradually up to the 5th day of germination after which it is declined.Jasmonic acid (JA) induced L-asparaginase activity and 100 µM was the best concentration for the induction.Treatment of cotyledons with 100 µM JA resulted in the increase of the activity increased throughout the experimental period. The results showed that incubating the cotyledons with 100 µM GA3 for 24 h resulted in the induction of the enzyme activity. However, incubation with 100 µM ABA for 24 h caused a reduction in the enzyme activity. The induction of L-asparaginase by GA3 was time-dependent throughout the experimental period of 72 h. The results show that very low activity of the enzyme was recorded in cotyledons exposed to dark in absence of L-asparagine.Actinomycin D, cycloheximide and chloramphenicol inhibited the induction of L-asparaginase activity by GA3 or kinetin in Cicer cotyledons.
2009
01
01
269
277
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116611_48373df8405750820d1ac9552fb12ed8.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON POTATOES AS AFFECTED BY BIO-AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS
M. N.
Helaly
R. A.
Fouda
E. A.
Ramadan
Plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the shoot system, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf weight ratio (LWR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR), estimated at the active growth period; after 90 days from planting, were decreased due to decreasing NPK dose less than the recommended one during the two growing seasons. Bio-fertilizers used, over all NPK doses, counteracted, in general the depressing effect of NPK stresses on most growth parameters studied. The most effective strain restoring most of the plant growth capacity was found with NFB when used individually or in combination with the others.
The anatomical structure, of the terminal leaflet blade, taken from the 3rd compound leaf from the plant tip, taken at the middele part indicated that NPK stress decreased thickness leaflet in the midrib region, mesophyll tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue . Midrib V.B. dimension (length and width), as well as thickness of xylem tissue and phloem tissue at the midrib bundle (external and internal) and metaxylem vessel dimension were also decreased. The most striking effects were found with respect to components of the vascular system.
The inoculation of bacterial strains used counteracted the depressing effects of NPK stresses on all these parameters. The most effective treatments were found with NFB+PDB+SB, NFB+PDB, NFB+SB, NFB alone in a descending order.
The stem structure at the 3rd internode of the main stem of potato plants as seen in T.S. indicated that stem diameter, cortex thickness, large vascular bundle dimension, external and internal phloem and xylem tissue thickness as well as pith tissue dimension were decreased due to NPK stress compared with the recommended one. All bacterial inoculation treatments counteracted the reduction in cell volume caused by NPK stress and increased stem diameter, cortex thickness, large vascular bundle dimension, external and internal phloem and xylem tissue thickness as well as pith tissue dimension. Metaxylem vessel dimension was also increased. Inoculation with NFB alone as well as inoculation with either NFB+PDB or mixed strains (NFB+PDB+SB) were generally the best treatment compared with plants grown without inoculation under any NPK doses.
Potatoes
NPK
SLW
LWR
SLA
LAR
biofertilizers
NFB
PDB
SB
2009
01
01
279
308
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116612_d32616f44405e589e08bf855d64416cc.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AND PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF THIOVIT 80 BY PLANT EXTRACT ON POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE OF SUGAR BEET
Samia A.
El-Fahar
Sahar M. E.
Moustafa
Four experiments were conducted during 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt to study the effect of six plant extracts on controlling powdery mildew disease of sugar beet caused by Erysiphe polygoni, and its effect on different characters. Six plant extracts were used i.e. Solanum nigrum, Pancratinum maritimum, Melia azedarach, Anthemis nobilis, Ammi visnaga and Mentha piperita in different concentrations, i.e. 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm in the screen house on two sugar beet cvs. viz. Sultan and Glorious, under artificial inoculation by conidio-spores of E. polygoni combinations between M. azedarach andThiovit 80 were used, ½ M. azedarach + ½ Thiovit 80, ¾ M. azedarach + ¼ Thiovit 80 and ¼ M. azedarach + ¾ Thiovit 80. Those experiments were conducted in the screen house during 2004/21005 and 2005/2006. The combination was applied 3 days before and after inoculation.
Data show that M. azedarach at the level of 5000 ppm gave the best disease control before and after inoculation for powdery mildew followed by Ammi visnaga. Data showed also that, mixing fungicide with plant extract lead to increasing efficiency of plant extract when ¼ plant extract + ¾ Thiovit 80, ½ plant extract + ½ Thiovit 80, ¾ plant extract + ¼ Thiovit 80, efficiency were 93.3, 89.9 and 84.5% before inoculation and 86, 77.5 and 69.9% after inoculation in comparison with the efficiency of Thiovit 80 before inoculation (94.7) and after inoculation (90.1%) for Sultan cv. while efficiency for Glorious the date showed the same trend as 93.5, 90.2 and 84.4% before inoculation, on the other hand, it recorded 87.4, 78.9 and 70.1% after inoculation for the three combinations, respectively. While, Thiovit 80 recorded efficiency of 95.6% before inoculation and 91.2% after inoculation.
In the field experiment, M. azedarach (5000 ppm) and the combination ¾ M. azedarach + ¼ Thiovit 80, was used because it has high efficiency for controlling powdery mildew disease as well as to reduce pollution and costs.
During 2006/2007, 2007/2008 seasons, disease severity (%) was reduced to more than 50% by utilization of ¾ M. azedarach + ¼ Thiovit 80, efficiency reached to 68.1% for Sultan and 70.1 % for Glorious during 2006/2007.
Data also showed that chlorophyll content was high, 67.5 and 77.4 for Sultan and Glorious cvs. All studied characters were affected, like, root weight, TSS%, sucrose (%), purity and increase percentages. Increase % in root weight 61.1 and 58.8% for Sultan and Glorious, respectively. While, increase % in sucrose; was 62.6 and 37.6% for Sultan and Glorious, respectively.
Phenolic compounds showed negative correlation between disease severity and phenolic compounds.
AUDPC affected with disease severity (%), when disease severity increased, AUDPC increased.
So, this research paper pointed out to the possibility of replacing fungicides by plant extracts of for disease control or of foliage diseases of sugar beet, either alone or mixed with Thiovit 80 to reduce the costs and environmental pollution as well as preventing residual effect of the fungicide on produced sugar.
2009
01
01
309
320
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116613_3c5c6f8b38f97ad2e56faaf42e4dcdcb.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVELS ON GROWTH AD YIELD OF GIZA 168 WHEAT CULTIVAR
M. M.
El-Genbeehy
Soheir M. H.
Abd Allah
SH. R.
Abd El-Zaher
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2005/06 and 2006/07 at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, AlexandriaUniversity, to evaluate Giza 168 wheat cultivar response to different cropping systems and nitrogen fertilizer levels. The results indicated that, cropping systems including one cut type berseem and/ or soybean significantly decreased weeds dry weight and increased number of tillers and spikes per square meter, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per feddan in the two seasons. Increasing nitrogen levels up to 80 kg per feddan, significantly decreased weeds dry weight and increased plant height, number of tillers and spikes per square meter, spike length, grain weight, number of grains per spike, 1000- grain weight and grain yield per feddan in both seasons. Application of 80 kg N/ fed. to the cropping systems containing leguminous crops especially the one cut berssem and soybean produced the heaviest grains, highest number of tillers per square meter and grain yield per feddan in the first, second and both seasons, respectively.
Cropping system
nitrogen level
Weed dry weight
Bread wheat
Grain yield
2009
01
01
321
331
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116615_5f946ff645541c54e639a0856af161ab.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF DIGOXIN CONTENT IN DIGITALIS LANATA EHRH "IN VITRO"
M. H.
Bekhit
Axillary buds Cultures of Digitalis lanata Ehrh were established from seedling, obtained under aseptic conditions. Shoot tip and single node explants were cultured on MS basal solid medium with various of BA concentrations. Shoots proliferation and growth were significantly influenced by BA levels and explant type. The highest amount of shoots was obtained on medium supplemented with 5.0 µM of BA, while digoxin and digitoxin contents affected by high level of BA (17.5 µM). A further subculture to medium containing high levels of BA promoted shoot growth and suppressed glycoside contents. Production of digoxin and digitoxin improved upon transferring shoots onto half strength on MS medium, vitrified shoots were appeared as well. Interestingly, addition progesterone as precursor, led to enhancement of digoxin and digitoxin contents, especially on rooted shoots.
Digitalis lanata Ehrh
digoxin
Cardiac glycosides
growth regulators
progesterone
Precursors. Medium strength
2009
01
01
333
345
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116616_f264602a06149b17b499309185680b59.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF DORMANCY BREAKING CHEMICAL AGENTS ON BUD DORMANCY OF "LE CONTE" PEAR
N. R.
Samra
M. I.
El-Kady
R. A.
Fouda
A.
Shalan
This study was carried out during 2006 and 2007 seasons to study the effect of some dormancy - breaking chemicals on bud burst, vegetative and floral bud percentage and histological structure of buds of "Le Conte" pear trees. The data revealed that, spraying Le-Conte pear trees at 1st February with Dormex at 2% alone or at 1% combined with mineral oil at 3% as well as commercial fertilizer NPK at (4-5-40) 4% were more effective in bud burst as well as early of floral initiation and flower opining compared with control one, but Dormex application at 1% plus mineral oil at 3% was the best in this respect.
2009
01
01
347
357
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116618_2470b58c106c05c129b2485a4c1bac51.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF SOME DORMANCY BREAKING AGENTS ON BUD BEHAVIOUR AND YIELD OF LE-CONTE PEARS
N. R.
Samra
M. I.
El-Kady
A.
Shalan
This investigation was carried out during the seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effect of some dormancy - breaking chemicals on bud constituents, bud break, flower fire blight infections, fruit set and yield of "Le Conte" pear trees. The data revealed that, spraying Le-Conte pear trees at 1st February with Dormex at 1% + mineral oil at 3% was effective for hastening the date of bud burst, enhanced the bud burst percentage and gave pronounced effect on bud constituents, flower fire blight infections, fruit set and yield. Furthermore, spraying Le-Conte pear trees with mixture of Dormex at 1% and mineral oil at 3% is an economic treatment than the use of hydrogen cyanamide alone at 4% as recommended which is rather expensive under the Egyptian conditions.
2009
01
01
359
370
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116620_a066785ab7a52eebcda0415638246d10.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF BIO-AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF POTATOES.
M. N. E.
Helaly
R. A.
Fouda
E. A.
Ramadan
Decreasing NPK doses, less than the recommended one, decreased chlorophylls a, b and their total as well as reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total carbohydrates, whereas carotenoieds and poly saccharides were increased during the two growing seasons. Chlorophyll a/b as well as total chlorophylls/ carotenoides ratios were also increased due to NPK stresses.
Application of bio-fertilizers, over all the NPK minerals doses, improved the accumulation of all photosynthetic pigments fraction as well as reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and total carbohydrates whereas, decreased that of polysaccharides compared to the plants grown without bio-fertilizers inoculation. Similarly, chlorophyll a/ chlorophyll b and chlorophylls /carotenoides ratios were increased with the same manner due to the inoculation of bio fertilizers used. The application of NFB was more effective than the other strains used followed by PDB and SB when used individually or incombinations compared with plants inoculated without bio fertilizers.
The interaction treatments between minerals and bio fertilizers, show that, bio fertilizers counteracted the depressing effects of decreasing NPK dose less than the recommended one on all photosynthetic pigments as well as reducing, non-reducing and total sugars as well as total carbohydrates whereas, decreased insoluble carbohydrates in the shoot systemof potato plants during the two growing seasons. An additive effects were recorded in plants grown in 100% NPK and inoculated with bio-fertilizers mixture. Again, NFB strain was most effective than the other strains if inoculated individually or in combination with the others. Application of 75% NPK combined with bio fertilizers showed high values in this respect. The most effective treatment was found with NFB+PDB+SB followed by NFB+PDB and NFB+SB respectively.
Generally, it seems that all bio-fertilizers used, with the superiority of NFB strain, counteracted the depressing effect of NPK decreases on photosynthetic capacity up to 75% dose. At 75% NPK dose combined with bio-fertilizers attained nearly similar results with those recorded in the control plant. On the other, bio-fertilizers used failed to counteracted the harmful effects of NPK at 50% dose from the recommended dose. Bio-fertilizers in the presence of NPK at 50% dose from the recommended dose attained the minimum values in this respect.
Potatoes
NPK
biofertilizers
NFB
PDB
SB
2009
01
01
371
386
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116621_52dfc47375ca2148011f87b909650369.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
RESPONSE OF Calendula officinalis, L. PLANTS TO SOME BIOFERTILIZER TYPES AND RATES.
K. M.
El-Hindi
M. N.
Sharaf El-Din
M. M.
Ahmed
Hanaa A.
Abo El-Fetooh
This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 on pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.) at the Experimental Station of Ornamental Plants, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., aiming to investigate the response of pot marigold plants to three rates of each of strain of nitrogen fixing bacteria “Azospirillum sp.” under the commercial name of “Nitrobein”, phosphate dissolving bacteria “Bacillus megaterium” under the commercial name of “Phosphorein” were applied to pot marigold seedlings after one month of sowing. The soil inoculation was repeated twice every month. While, yeast as a foliar spray at the rates 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/L.
Results showed that all treatments of biofertilization improved different vegetative growth characters, promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control. However, it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves. The data showed that the growth characters and chemical constituents of pot marigold plants were significantly increased when the plants received the three dry yeast applications. The highest concentration of dry yeast (4 g/L) induced significant improvement in the all growth characters and chemical composition.
Hence, these findings clearly indicate that active dry yeast could be used as effective tools instead of chemical fertilization, lowering the productive costs and consequently minimize the pollution of the agriculture environment.
2009
01
01
387
400
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116623_9c426401bf61961c83c00d1c6b12318a.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN CROSSES OF MAIZE.
M. A.
Abdel-Menaem
A. N. E.
Attia
M. I.
El-Emery
Eman A.
Fayed
In 2007, five maize inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals by using a half diallel crosses mating design to obtain 10 single cross. Inbred parents and their F1 single crosses were evaluated through 2008 season to evaluate the role of general and specific combining ability and heterosis for some agronomic traits.
Results indicated that mean squares of genotypes were highly significant for all studied traits i.e. ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels/row, 100-kernel weight, ear yield per plant, grain yield per plant and shelling percentage. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all studied traits. The GCA/SCA ratio was less than unity for all studied traits; this means that these traits are predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action.
Significant positive GCA effects were found for all studied traits. Based on GCA estimates, it could be concluded that the best combiners were Rg5 and Rg8 inbred lines for most of studied traits. This result indicated that these inbred lines could be considered as good combiners for improving these traits.
Significant positive SCA effects were found for all studied traits. Based on SCA effects, it could be concluded that the best crosses for ear diameter and 100-kernels weigh was G507A X G516; for ear length was G516 X Rg8; for kernels number/row was G516 X G278; for ear yield/plant, grain yield/plant and Shelling percentage was G278 X Rg5. These crosses could be selected and used in breeding programs for improving these traits.
Results showed positive significant heterosis values for all studied traits. The best crosses over both their mid-parents and better-parents for ear diameter and 100-kernel weigh was G507A x G516; for ear length and kernels number/row was G516 x G278; for ear yield/plant and grain yield/plant was G278 x Rg8; and for Shelling percentage was G278 x Rg5.
2009
01
01
401
409
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116624_25dfcb0bd42baf13590554736fc8aea8.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF NITRATE-N ON GROWTH AND N2 FIXATION BY Medicago sativa, L. AND Clitoria ternatea, L.
M. A.
Wasfi
Mawaheb E. M.
Elnour
Addition of nitrate significantly increased nitrogenous fractions (NO-3, T.N.,T., S.N)*, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots in both plant species. Carbohydrates (T.S.,T.,S.S)*, acetylene reduction activity (A.R.A)* and nodule fresh weights were significantly decreased as compared with untreated nodulated plants. The depressive effect of nitrate on acetylene reduction activity is discussed in relation to hypotheses explaining photosynthate demand for nitrate assimilation in the nodules (assimilate deprivation), or nitrite poisoning. Present data are in favour of the assimilate deprivation hypothesis.
nitrates
carbohydrates
acetylene reduction activity assimilate deprivation
2009
01
01
411
417
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116625_861a217e19606d0d46c0d063ec331841.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
EFFECT OF SOME FOLIAR ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COTTON GROWN IN UPPER EGYPT
M. M. A.
Kassem
The present study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Mallawi Agric. Res. Station , Minia, in 2005 and 2006 seasons, to investigate the responses of cotton cultivar Giza 83 grown in upper Egypt to some foliar treatments of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and citric acid , both were applied twice , at the start and peak of flowering, at the concentrations of 250 , 500 and 1000 ppm, using tap water as control. The obtained results could be summarized as follows :
Foliar application of ascorbic acid (AA) at the concentration of 500 ppm resulted in significant increases in leaves content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids , plant height, number of open bolls /plant and seed cotton yield in both seasons, numbers of main stem nodes and fruiting branches /plant and boll weight in 2006 season, and it decreased fruit shedding % in 2005 season only in comparison with the control. Similar trend was obtained by 1000 ppm AA but the differences with the control were not always significant, and it significantly decreased earliness % in both seasons. The concentration of 250 ppm AA significantly increased leaves content of chlorophyll b and plant height in 2006 season only.
Citric acid (CA) at the concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm significantly increased leaves content of chlorophyll a , number of open bolls /plant in the two seasons , plant growth parameters and boll weight in 2006 season, and seed cotton yield in 2005 season. Only 1000 ppm CA significantly increased seed cotton yield and decreased fruit shedding % in the two seasons, while 250 ppm CA exerted no significant effects on all studied traits in both seasons.
It could be concluded from results of this study that most used treatments of ascorbic acid and citric acid improved growth and fruiting performance of cotton plants grown under the naturally occurring climatic conditions of upper Egypt, however, the most consistently positive effects and the best results in general were obtained by spraying ascorbic acid at the concentration of 500 ppm or citric acid at the concentration of 1000 ppm.
2009
01
01
419
428
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116626_dd2177d6a962c52b67e26491d8058af8.pdf
Journal of Plant Production
2090-3669
2090-3669
2009
34
1
SOME QUALITY CHARACTERS AND INVERTASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT DISEASE CONTROL IN SUGAR BEET
Samia A.
El-Fahhar
B. M.
Abou El-Magd
Screen house experiment was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2007/2008 season to study the relation between fungicide and plant extract application on Cercospora beticola incidence and related characters as well as invertase enzyme on sugar beet. Two cultivars of sugar beet were selected; the two cultivars; Ras Poly and Fareda were used and planted in a split plot design. Topsin M70 (1 gm/liter) and plant extract Khella “Ammi visnaga” or pick-tooth (4000 ppm) were sued to control the disease. Artificial inoculation was done by using conidiospores suspension of Cercopora beticola. Inoculation was done 90 days after planting. Chemicals were applied three days before inoculation. Different traits were measured like, disease severity (%), root weight/plant, sugar percentage, sugar loss to molasses %, invertase enzyme activity, impurities in leaves and roots (Na+, K+ and a-amino-N), TSS %, chlorophyll content of leaves, purity (%), loss % for root and sugar. Seven readings to asses the disease incidence were taken.
Disease severity (%) of cercospora leaf spot disease incidence was increased gradually especially for Ras Poly cv. than Fareda cv. under infected condition, but showed less values when treated with Topsin M70 followed by Khella. On the other hand, root weight, TSS%, sugar percentage, purity were highly affected than those under fungicide and plant extract treatments and loss percentages for root and sugar reached to maximum for Ras Poly than Fareda cv.
Enzymatic activity of invertase reached the maximum under inoculation, while it was less when treated by Topsin M 70 and Khella plant extract. Na+ and a-amino N increased by increasing disease severity (%), while K+ behaved in different manner. Concerning reducing sugars in roots, recoverable sugar (%) and sugar loss to molasses increased by increasing disease severity (%), low values were obtained under fungicidal and plant extract treatment. Plant extract and resistant cvs, must be recommended to reduce the pollution either in water or in the soil of sugar beet plantations.
2009
01
01
429
440
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_116627_366032c40d30bfb3f8b3f477a9cb2c43.pdf