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This work was carried out to evaluate fourteen imported sugar beet cultivar under the farm conditions of at Abo Taha village, Belkas district, Dakahlia Governorate to determine their merit as possible candidates to be distributed to farmers. The work was carried out during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 seasons at Belkas, Daqahlia region (latitude 31°15'0" N). Seven of the evaluated cultivars, namely Henrike, BTS 899, Beretta, Lagon, Lp15, Lp16, and Avantage belonged to monogerm type while another group of seven cultivars, namely; Monte Bianco, Monte Baldo, Monte Rosa, Swallow, Top, Capel, and Floima belonged to multi-germ type. The main findings of this work could be summarized as follows: 1- The differences reported among mono-germ and multi-germ seed type were insignificant. 2- Differences due to the genetic makeup of the examined cultivars were significant for most determined traits. 3- Sugar recovery % of the superior cultivars M. Rosa, Swallow, and Top (multi-germ), in addition to the monogerm Henrike and Avantage was controlled mainly by their superiority in pol% and or quality index values. These cultivars were the most stable ones in both seasons. In conclusion, it is evident that varietal differences control quality parameters that are of major interest from manufacturers' point of view. For such reason, it is evident that the high quality multi-germ cultivars M. Rosa, Swallow, and Top, in addition to the mono-germ Henrike and Avantage should be promoted for growing among farmers. However, root production which interferes significantly in determining total recovered sugar per feddan could cause some of these high quality cultivars to be out of the farming list.
Two field experiments were carried out at Barramoon experimental farm, Hort. Res., Institute, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the two winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to study the effect of different rates of potassium fertilization (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg K2O /fad.) as potassium sulfate in addition to foliar application by water (control), liquid potassium (3 ml/ L), potassium borate citrate (3 ml/ L) and NPK- humate (3 ml/ L) and their interaction on production and quality of carrot cv. “Chantenay Red Core". Potassium foliar applications were made 3 times at 20 days intervals with the same doses during the growing period (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing). The highest potassium fertilization rate (75 kg K2O /fad.) gave the tallest shoot, the highest number of leaves per plant and the highest fresh weight of shoots as well as the highest total yield per fadden in both seasons. Also, the obtained results reported that the root measurements expressed as (root length, root diameter, root weight, TSS and carotenoids content, as well as leaves chemical composition (N, P and K concentrations) were increased with increasing potassium fertilization rate in both seasons. On the other hand, spraying carrot plants with potassium humate at a rate of 3 ml/ L markedly increased vegetative growth, yield, root quality and chemical composition in both seasons. The favorable effects of the potassium on the growth, total yield and root parameters were obtained when carrot plants fertilized with 75 kg K2O /fad. as potassium sulfate plus foliar application of potassium humate (3 ml/ L) followed statistically by 75 kg K2O /fad. with foliar application of potassium borate citrate (3 ml/ L) in both seasons.
Six male genetic-cytoplasmic sterile lines (ICSA-14, ICSA-44, ICSA-93, ICSA-155, ICSA-88010and ICSA-ATX2-2) and six testers (ICSR-93002, ICSR-93004, ICSR-91022, ICSR-89025, ICSR-89028 and ICSR-93018) were crossed in line x tester design in 2008 season at Shandweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag, Egypt to produce 36 hybrid combinations. These hybrids along with their twelve parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications in 2009 and 2010 seasons. The samples for estimation of four characters (50% flowering, plant height (cm), 1000-grain weight (gm) and grain yield/plant.) were taken. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences for the studied characters in all the genotypes, comparing with local and check hybrid. The obtained data also clearly show that the crosses had highly significant differences among all studies traits at two growing seasons 2009 & 2010 and combined over the two seasons, the cross ICSA-ATX2-2× ICSR93002 was earliest genotype and it has lowest negative heterosis relative to better parent, the combination ICSA-14 × ICSR93004 was the best cross in plant height trait and the cross ICSA-93× ICSR-93018 recorded highest value of heteosis of 1000-grain weight, while the cross ICSA-ATX2-2 × ICSR93004 was the best cross for grain yield/plant. The parents ICSR-93002, ICSA-93, ICSA-88010 and ICSA-ATX2-2 were good combiners for 50% flowering and the parents ICSR-93002, ICSR-89028, ICSR-93018, ICSA-14 and ICSA-44 were good combiners for plant height and the parents ICSR-93002, ICSR-93004, ICSR-93018 and ICSA-93 were good combiners for 1000-grain weight while the parents ICSR-93004, ICSR-93018, ICSA-155, ICSA-88010 and ICSA-ATX2-2 were good combiners for grain yield/plant. Some hybrids had positive sca effects for some traits, but ICSA-88010×ICSR-91022 was the only hybrid which had negative highly significant specific combining ability for 50% flowering. For plant height, the crosses ICSA-93×ICSR93002, ICSA-ATX2 -2 × ICSR-89028 and ICSA-88010 × ICSR-91022 had highly positive sca effects, respectively. The crosses ICSA-44×ICSR-89025, ICSA-14×ICSR-89028 and ICSA-ATX2-2×ICSR93004 were observed and had highly positive sca effects for1000-grain weight. For grain yield/plant, The crosses ICSA-88010 × ICSR-89028, ICSA-14 × ICSR-89028 and ICSA-44 × ICSR93002 showed the greatest positive sca effect. These combinations could be utilized in the hybrids programs of grain sorghum
These experiments were performed in Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons to investigate the allelopathic potential effect of five weed species viz. Chenopodium album, L. (W1), Euphorbia peplus, L. (W2), Melilotus indica, (L.) All. (W3), Avena fatua, L. (W4) and Phalaris minor, Retz. (W5) on germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L. local var. Sakha 94). So,two experiments were carried out, the first (in laboratory) to study the effect of weed parts (root and shoot) water extract at different concentration (0,10, 20 and 30%). The second experiment (in wirehouse) to study the effect of previous weed shoot residues at different concentration (0,1, 2 and 3% (w/w)). Results of the first experiment indicated that the differences between weed species for all studied traits were significant in the means of two seasons. All extracted of Chenopodium album, L. and Melilotus indica, (L.) All. significantly inhibited germination %, germination rate, root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weights compared with other weed species. The differences between weed parts extracted were significant for all studied traits in the means of two seasons. Shoot extraction significantly inhibited all studied traits. Also, results indicated that the differences between extract concentrations were significant for all studied attributed in the means of the two seasons. Application 30% concentration significantly decreased grain germination and seedling growth of wheat. All the interactions between weed species, weed parts and concentration extracted were significant, except germination rate in the means of two seasons. Melilotus indica, (L.) All. × the shoot extract × 30% concentration increased effective allelopathic on all studied attributes under experiment conditions. Results of the second experiment indicated that the effects of weed residues species and concentrations on seedling growth of wheat were significant in means of two seasons. The interactions between different species and 3% concentration were significant for all studied traits. Avena fatua, L.and 3% concentration significantly inhibited most studied traits in means of two seasons.
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of post-emergence soil treatment with different salinity levels (0.0, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) on growth, endogenous phytohormones, yield components and some biochemical activities of the yielded seeds of Vicia faba plants. The results indicated that increasing of salinity up to 200 mM showed significant decreases in growth parameters at fruiting stage and yield components. On the other hand, the levels of IAA, GA3 decreased, while ABA level increased with salt stress. Biochemical activities of the yielded seeds such as carbohydrate contents and total protein significantly decreased as compared with non-salinized plant, while salt stress induced the accumulation of the total phenol and proline contents. In addition, the content of Na+ increased significantly under salinity stress, while K+, Ca+2 and P+3 contents were decreased, when compared with those of the control. Application of stigmasterol by seed soaking, counteracted the adverse effects of salinity through inducing significant increases in all growth criteria at fruiting stage, yield components, levels of IAA, GA3, soluble, insoluble and total carbohydrates, total protein concomitantly with decreases in total phenols, proline content and level of ABA as compared with those of the reference plants. Also, treatment with stigmasterol resulted mostly in a decrease of Na+ accumulation concurrently with significant increases of K+, Ca+2, P+3 contents, K+/Na+ and Ca+2/Na+ ratio when compared with those of the reference controls. These results indicate the role of stigmasterol in increasing the tolerance of Vicia faba plants to salt stress. Three prominent types of modifications were observed in the protein patterns of yielded seeds, some proteins were disappeared, other proteins were selectively increased and synthesis of a new set of protein was induced, some of these responses were observed under stigmasterol and salinity, while others were induced by either stigmasterol or salinity.
The present investigation was carried out in two successive seasons of 2008 and 2009 on “Hindi” and “Zibda” fruiting trees to study the effect of pre-harvest spray, ten days prior to harvest time, with each of vitamin C solution at 1.0gL-1 "T1" and vitamin B12 solution at 1.0mgL-1 “T2”along with tap water to serve as control "Tс" on three fruit physical characteristics including changes on fruit firmness, weight loss% and chilling injury incidence. Moreover, six chemical characteristics in fruit juice including changes on vitamin C content, total acidity %, total soluble solids %, total soluble solids/acid ratio and along with β-carotene and total chlorophyll pigments in fresh peels were examined at harvest time and throughout cold storage period(30 day) at 5±1°C and 80-85% RH. The tested trees were 20-years-old, almost uniform, apparently diseases free and grown in a commercial orchard located in Kafer Saker province, EL-Sharkia governorate, Egypt. The concerned results of physical and chemical characteristics (except for weight loss %) at harvest time and during cold storage period almost indicated significant differences among the tested treatments. The rate of changes differed among the tested treatments either at harvest time or throughout cold storage period. In general, pre-harvest sprayed trees of both mango cultivars with antioxidant solutions could be succeeded to improve the tested qualities of the treated fruit trees at harvest time and during cold storage period with different rates based on certain critical factors include the tested treatment, cultivar genotype and fruit characteristic under study. Antioxidant treatments also had an effect on shelf life of stored mango fruits with different rates due to the critical factors indicated above. Cold stored fruits of “Hindi" cultivar continued under provided storage conditions till 15th day determination without observing the incidence of chilling injury symptoms and could be extended to 20 day storage with mild symptoms. In case of “Zibda” stored fruits, they showed a similar behavior as “Hindi” fruits till 15 day storage, afterward both antioxidant treatments succeeded to store fruits till the 30th day determination (end of storage period) with mild chilling injury symptoms. Fruits of both cultivars during these cold storage periods were of firmness and qualities acceptable to consumers.
This study was carried out to distinguish among eight soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars using biochemical and molecular marker. Therefore, SDS-storage proteins, some isozyme (esterase (EST), peroxidase (Prx) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)) and PCR-RAPD (polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were carried out. The results of protein electrophoresis revealed that total number of bands ranged from 10 in cultivar G.21 to 14 in cultivar Crawford.. Nine common bands were found in all cultivars. Some cultivars showed specific bands which could be used to distinguish between others. Each of G.22, G.35, G.21, G.111 and G.83cultivars had only unique band, with molecular weight of 53.83, 44.84, 33.37, 21.66 and 16.73 kda, respectively. Bands of three isozymes systems (Est,Prx and GOT) were determined for soybean cultivars identification based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using the number of bands, Rf values and its densities can be used to identify these varieties. One polymorphic Est isozyme was found band in cultivar Giza 21 with RF about 0.579 this band considered as a marker for this cultivar. A total number of two Prx isozyme bands ware detected in two band was monomorphic RF 0.441 and 0.569 with different band densities in height densities in cultivars Giza35 and Giza 83. A total number of two GOT isozyme bands ware monomorphic RF 0.556 and 0.721 with different densities and intensities. While molecular marker RAPD analysis utilizes six random primer the largest number of RAPD specific markers was generated by primer O02 (four markers) followed by O08 (three markers). While primers B04 and B12 generated two markers the lowest number of RAPD specific markers was generated by primers A12 and B06 (one marker). The largest number of RAPD specific markers were scored for cultivar Giza 21 (7 markers) followed by Giza 35 (3 markers).