ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCE ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF SUPERIOR GRAPEVINES UNDER NUBARIA CONDITION
This study was conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 seasons on 7-year old Superior grapevines in a private vineyard in Nubaria region at the 90th kilometer of Alexandria Cairo desert Road.
The vines were grown in a sandy soil under the drip irrigation system, planting distance was 2 x 3 meter between the vines and the rows and supported by the Spanish Parron system. Winter pruning was carried out in the third week of December in all seasons of study, 100 buds per vine were left (10 canes each with 10 buds) according to vine vigor. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of N source: Granular ammonium nitrate, liquid ammonium nitrate, granular calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, calcium Cyanamid and vine prunings on growth and fruiting of Superior grapevines, 70 units per Feddan were used annually from each source. The quantity of different sources was divided into three doses:
1- 15 units of N were added during the period from budburst to the beginning of bloom
2- 35 units of N were added during the period from berry set to veraison
3- 20 units of N were added after harvest.
Vine prunings were added once during winter.
The results showed that bud burst started in March ranging between the second and eighth day, end of shoot growth date ranged September 8th to 25th for granular and liquid ammonium nitrate, granular calcium nitrate and calcium Cyanamid. Liquid forms of N had a longer period of days. Ammonium sulphate fertilizer and vine prunings were found to have short periods of growing period in days.
Also, the soluble forms of N gave highest values of average shoot length. As for wood ripening coefficient forms of N which contain calcium element resulted in the highest values of this parameter in comparison with the other forms of N meanwhile vine prunings were found to have the least values. T.S.S % and acidity % were affected by N forms. All chemical N fertilizers increased these values but vine prunings reduced them. As for nitrate and nitrite juice berry content, it was found that vine prunings had the lowest values in this respect as compared with other treatments. The highest values came from liquid N form.
Berry set %, adherence strength and berry firmness were affected with different N forms. The highest values resulted from fertilizers which contain calcium element. Liquid N was found to reduce number of leaves per shoot, shoot thickness and increased weight of prunings/vine. Also, number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, yield per vine and leaf content of N, P, K were affected by N forms. Calcium cyanamid had higher values in this respect in the first season than vine prunings. Organic manure which had the highest values in the second and third seasons. Similar results were noticed on leaf area (cm2), total leaf area / per vine (m2) and leaf area (cm2) per cluster which were increased by the application of granular and liquid ammonium nitrate. Vine prunings as organic manure were found to have the least price for N unit.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85657_1a38cd939d8f9b5a42e68bc21c690fc8.pdf
2011-10-01
1271
1297
10.21608/jpp.2011.85657
M.
Shoaieb
1
Viticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Sawsan
Bondok
2
Viticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Y.
Omran
3
Viticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT SCHEDULES OF POTASSIUM FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND SOME PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID RICE UNDER SALINE SOIL CONDITIONS
In order to overcome root media problems in feed application of Potassium under saline soil conditions, we carried out this investigation at El- Serw Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2009 and 2010 seasons in randomized complete plot design with four replication to study various schedules of potassium foliar sprays application with 2% K2O once at maximum tillering stage, twice at both maximum tillering growth and panicle initiation growth stages or thrice at maximum tillering growth, panicle initiation growth and booting growth stages along with root media application as basal with ( 58kgK2O/ ha.) and control (without any application) on yield, yield components and some physiochemical properties of Egyptian hybrid Rice one( ERH 1 ) under saline soil conditions.
The results obtained revealed that potassium application either though root media as basal application or foliar sprays at different growth stages surpassed the control in all studied parameters. Foliar sprays of K with 2% K2O at different growth stages of rice plant showed significant superiority in plant height, number of panicles/ unit area, sterility %, number of grains/ panicle, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and some of physiochemical parameters compared with potassium as basal application.
Among schedules of K foliar sprays application, data recorded that multi - way scheme of K foliar sprays application with 2 % K2O at maximum tillering stage, panicle initiation stage and booting stage significantly produced the peak values in yield, yield components as well as physiochemical properties compared with the rest of K foliar sprays application under study.
Finally, from the data obtained it could be concluded that K foliar sprays with 2% K2O thrice at natal growth stages; maximum tillering stage, panicle initiation stage and booting stage is much sufficient to improve yield and yield components as well as physiochemical properties of Egyptian hybrid rice under saline soil conditions.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85658_e4927661bd8918a71ec27ac3a7de7f9a.pdf
2011-10-01
1299
1310
10.21608/jpp.2011.85658
rice
Potassium application
foliar
physiochemical properties
B.
Zayed
basunyz@yahoo.com
1
Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, 33717, Kafr EL-Shiekh, Field Crop Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC),Egypt.
AUTHOR
W.
El-Kallawy
2
Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, 33717, Kafr EL-Shiekh, Field Crop Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC),Egypt.
AUTHOR
R.
Gorgy
3
Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, 33717, Kafr EL-Shiekh, Field Crop Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC),Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ESTIMATION OF PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC STABILITY OF SOME FABA BEAN GENOTYPES .
Two field experiments were carried out to evaluate and estimate the stability of fifteen faba bean genotypes at two different locations; Sids Research Station in upper Egypt and Sakha Research Station in Lower Egypt, during the two growing seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 in three dates 15 October, 1st November, and 15 November.
A split plot design with three replications in a randomized complete block arrangement was used in both locations. Planting dates were randomly arranged to the main plot, while the fifteen faba bean genotypes were distributed in the sub plots.
Statistical analysis for split plot design was separately carried out for each year as well as combined analysis over two years in each location and the combined data of the two experiments in the two locations were performed .
The data were analyzed by Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Tai (1971) procedures to estimate phenotypic and genotypic stability parameters for seed yield .
The results could be summarized as follows :
1- The results indicated that there was wide range for the environmental index ( - 2.59 to +4.02) which indicates that there was differences among the different environmental condition .
2- Highly significant environment (linear) mean squares indicating that environments differ in their effect on different genotypes.
3- The analysis of genotypic stability indicated that both of the linear regression variance and the deviation variances from linearity (non-linear ) were highly significant where the main component of the stability differences was due to the linear regression by 92.3 % from the total variance
4- Highest yield /fed was given by genotype Sakha 3 being 10.38 ardab/fed followed by genotypes H 943 , Giza 3 and Sakha 1 that produced 10.29 , 9.83 and 9.77 ardab/fed. respectively.
5- Eberhart and Russell method showed that genotypes Sakha 3 , Misr 1 , Nubaria 1 and Giza 2 had phenotypic stability and stable performance in the environments which had bi not significant different from unit and insignificant deviation from linearity .
6- Tai′s parameter α and λ showed that genotypes Giza 40 and Giza 2 exhibited above average stability (α < 0 and λ ≈ 1) while , the genotypes Sakha 3 and Misr 1 had a degree of below average stability (α > 0 andλ = 1 ) .
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85659_7e6daa8f2ca3439571273c352e3fcbab.pdf
2011-10-01
1311
1319
10.21608/jpp.2011.85659
M.
Abd El-Aty
1
Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture , Kafrelsheikh University
AUTHOR
M.
Amer
2
Food Legumes Res. Program, Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Hity
3
Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture , Kafrelsheikh University
AUTHOR
A.
Soliman
4
Food Legumes Res. Program, Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL AND SOME MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES FOR 36-YEAR- OLD Khaya senegalensis GROWN BY TWO DIFFERENT PLANTATION METHODS IN ASWAN, EGYPT
Aboveground- tree biomass and mechanical wood properties were measured in 36- year- old trees of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. either as an experimental area or as a single- tree row, grown on infertile soil in the Tropical Farm of Kom- Ombo, Aswan Botanical Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt. Khaya senegalensis grown as a single row had the highest values of total stem volume, diameter at breast height and merchantable height as well as weights of leaves, twigs up to 1 cm diameter and branches up to 5 cm diameter compared to that grown in plantations at 5x5 m spacing. Data revealed that, the productivity potential of 36-year- old Khaya senegalesnis grown under Aswan conditions at 5x5 m spacing was about 300.7 m3/ fed, 61.8 ton/ fed, 61.9 ton/ fed and 34.3 ton/ fed for the total stem volume, branches up to 5 cm diameter, twigs up to 1 cm and fresh leaves, respectively. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of Khaya senegalensis planted in this region were comparable of a number of valuable hardwood species grown in different countries. Khaya senegalensis as plantations in this study showed a high potential for producing wood with higher values for modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), compression parallel to grain and maximum shearing of strength than that of trees in a single row.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85660_a2c49c47e775e5cb3d98d28343cdde9e.pdf
2011-10-01
1321
1329
10.21608/jpp.2011.85660
Aboveground biomass
Khaya senegalensis
Mechanical Properties
plantations
single- tree row
A.
Ebeid
1
Dept. of Forestry, Horticultural Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
R.
Sayed
2
Dept. of Forestry, Horticultural Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mona
Mostafa
3
Dept. of Forestry, Horticultural Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
VARIABILITY IN BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND SOME WOOD PROPERTIES OF Dalbergia sissoo TREES GROWN IN ASWAN (SOUTHERN EGYPT)
Aboveground- tree biomass, some of the wood properties and chemical compositions of stem wood ash were measured in five ages (2, 5, 7, 15 and 25- year- old) of Dalbergia sissoo trees, growing on infertile soil in the Tropical Farm, Kom- Ombo, Aswan Botanical Garden (southern Egypt). There were twenty- four trees for each age planted as a single row and the distance between trees was 5 m. Asexpected, biomass and its compartment of Dalbergia sissoo at the 25- year- old had the highest values in compared to the other ages. The mean aboveground biomass in this study was about 60.53 kg, 203.7 kg, 591.6 kg, 1210.5 kg and 3060.3 kg/ tree for the 2, 5, 7, 15 and 25- year- old of Dalbergia sissoo trees, respectively. Casual observation of the curve for trees shows consistent increase in the total biomass, height and diameter growth with tree age. Wood specific gravity was increased with the progress in tree age, while moisture content decreased with the increase in age. However, the percent of heartwood to sapwood was gradually increased from the young tree to the age tree. On the other hand, in most cases, nutrient accumulation in the stem wood ashes was gradually increased by the increasing in the tree age.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85661_f0710e8a9ab860556f2cc195ed002662.pdf
2011-10-01
1331
1340
10.21608/jpp.2011.85661
ash
Biomass
Dalbergia sissoo
heartwood
moisture content
sapwood
specific gravity
R.
Sayed
1
Dept. of Forestry, Horticultural Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Ebeid
2
Dept. of Forestry, Horticultural Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPROVING GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA PLANT BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN UNDER WATER STRESS
Water stress impaired cowpea plant growth and decreased ion percentage and chlorophyll and carbohydrate concentration in the shoot as well as yield and its quality. Foliar-applied chitosan, in particular 250 mg/l, increased plant growth, yield and its quality as well as physiological constituents in plant shoot under stressed or nonstressed conditions as compared to untreated plants.
Anatomically, water stress decreased thickness of leaf blade at midrib region, thickness of mesophyll tissue, thickness of midrib vascular bundle. Treatment with chitosan, in particular, 250 mg/l and their interactions with stress conditions increased all the above mentioned parameters in either non-stressed or stressed plants. It is suggested that the severity of cowpea plants damaged from water stress was reduced by 250 mg/l chitosan application.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85662_4e0c7e879e446cd15fc045f8760bfc25.pdf
2011-10-01
1341
1358
10.21608/jpp.2011.85662
Water stress
Chitosan
Cowpea
anatomy
Growth
yield
S.
Farouk
gadalla@mans.edu.eg
1
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agic., Mans. University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Amany
Abd EL Mohsen
2
Botany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ROLE OF CHELATORS IN ALLEVIATING OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RADISH SHOOT SUBJECTED TO CADMIUM STRESS
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants were grown with 0, 100 and 150 mg/kg soil cadmium chloride and treated with 100 or 200 mg/l chitosan or humic acid as soil additives to study the responses of leaf area, metabolite accumulation, oxidative stress and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant physiological processes to cadmium or chelators and to show the influence of chelating application on the alleviation of cadmium chloride induced adverse effects. Results revealed that cadmium stress caused reduction in leaf area, parallel to increased hydrogen peroxide levels, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in shoot tissues which were significantly reversed by either humic acid or chitosan. The antioxygenic enzymes viz. catalase and peroxidase were significantly decreased due to increasing cadmium concentration. Either humic acid or chitosan induced enzymes activities in shoot tissues of cadmium stressed plants. Proline, ascorbic acid, soluble sugars and total phenol significantly increased due to cadmium chloride or chelators as well as their combinations.
Anatomically, either chitosan or humic acid increased the diameter of radish root due to an increase in the thickness of cortex and diameter of vascular cylinder as well as diameter of metaxylem vessel, the thickness of radish leaf blade due to the increase in the thickness of mesophyll tissue as well as thickness of both lower and upper epidermal cells. In addition, the thickness of leaf blade through midrib region was also increased, due to the increase in the midrib vascular bundle thickness, as well as the size of the medvien vascular bundle, area of xylem and phloem tissues. Cadmium stress decreased all anatomical characteristics of root and shoot. It appears clearly that both chelators application partially overcame the depression effect of high cadmium level on the radish root and leaf structure.
This finding suggests that both chelators, in particular, chitosan might be activating antioxygenic enzymes and elevating antioxidants thereby controlling free radical generation, hence preventing membrane peroxidation and denaturation of biomolecules resulting into improved leaf area of radish plant grown under cadmium stress.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85663_54363c6bf3444384d34225706bb13247.pdf
2011-10-01
1359
1378
10.21608/jpp.2011.85663
S.
Farouk
gadalla@mans.edu.eg
1
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMMON WEEDS IN RICE FIELDS AT MANZALLA AREA AND THEIR CONTROL METHODS
Four field experiments were conducted during four successive seasons of 2001, 2002, 2003 ant 2004 at EL-Manzalla district, Dakahlia Governorate in the salt affected regions, which close to Manzalla Lake, Egypt. The experiments were conducted to known weeds species associated with rice crop as well as to produce a program for controlling all weeds in rice fields with herbicides without any effect on rice yield. These treatments were included four herbicides with three different rates as well as three mixture combinations, hand weeding at two times at 30 and 45 days after planting and weedy check. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Survey of common weed species associated with rice in salted affected regions which close to Manzala Lake, were Eleocaris geniculata which was the predominant weed with the highest frequency and density at proportion of 76.6 % weed flora, Cyperus difformis which recorded the second rank 10.8 %, the occurrence of Echinochloa curus – galli reached 6.5 % and Ammannia spp. rank for four number in important 6 % in both seasons.
All weed control treatments gave better control number of total weed/m2, fresh weight of all weeds/m2 and dry weight of total weeds g/m2 as compared with weedy check. The tank – mixed application of bispyribac – sodium plus pyrazosulfuron – ethyl at (16 + 10 g ai/fed) released 100 % control of all weeds at 60 days after planting.
The results indicated that all weed control treatments significantly increased panicles length (cm), panicles weight (g), 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (t/fed). The tank – mixed herbicide of bispyribac – sodium plus pyrazosulfuron – ethyl at (16 + 10 g ai/fed) produced the highest grain yield (t/fed), while the lower grain yield (t/fed0 produced from the weedy check treatment.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85664_3b17b5fe028915c2bebf9033117d0104.pdf
2011-10-01
1379
1391
10.21608/jpp.2011.85664
A.
El-Kassaby
1
Agronomy Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Badawi
2
Agronomy Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Hendi
3
Agronomy Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
R.
Mousa
4
Agronomy Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND UREA AS ADDITIVE ON WHEAT, NUTRIENT UPTAKE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS
Two field experiments were conducted during successive seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station to study the effect of herbicides and urea as an additive to herbicides on wheat, NPK uptake, photosynthetic pigments and associated weeds. The results indicated that using the recommended rate of herbicides, (isoproturon + diflufenican) at 300g a.i./fed. for control total annual weeds, tribenuron-methyl at 6.0g a.i/fed. for control broad-leaved weeds and clodinafop propargyl at 21g a.i./fed for control grassy weeds as applied alone post- emergence as well as hand weeding twice, gave excellent weed control (93.6, 68.0, 45.9 and 93.6 % ), respectively. While, the same herbicides when applied at moderate rate (isoproturon + diflufenican) at 244.5g a.i./fed, tribenuron-methyl at 4.5g a.i /fed and clodinafop propargyl at 15.75g a.i/fed) mixing with 1% urea increased the herbicides efficiency in controlling the annual weeds by about ( 90.2, 65.9 and 44.5 %). Mixing 1% urea with the same herbicides at low rate (isoproturon + diflufenican at 165g a.i/fed, tribenuron-methyl at 3.0g a.i/fed and clodinafop propargyl at 10.5g a.i/fed) gave poor weed control and were significantly less efficient than the other treatments at the first survey in the first season.
Hand weeding treatment, (isoproturon + diflufenican), tribenuron-methyl and clodinafop propargyl at high rate, alone as post-emergence as well as the same herbicides at moderate rate plus 1% urea had higher efficiency in controlling annual weeds and increased the plant height, spike length, weight of grains/ spike, number of grains/spike, straw yield (ton/fed) and grains yield (Ardab/fed), compared with the other treatments used. All herbicidal treatments as well as hand weeding treatment increased protein, phosphors, potassium and carbohydrate percentages and their uptake kg/fed in wheat grains over control treatment. Data also, cleared that all herbicides treatments slightly decreased chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and; increased carotene content. From results of correlation analysis the fresh weight of total weeds, grassy weeds and broad-leaved weeds biomass were negative correlated with wheat yield. Grassy weeds were more aggressive in their competitiveness effect than broad-leaved weeds on wheat yield and its components. These results indicated that under heavy infested with annual weeds, it is possible to apply herbicides i.e.(isoproturon + diflufenican) for annual weeds control, tribenuron-methyl for broad-leaved weeds control and clodinafop propargyl for grassy weeds control at high rate alone or same herbicides at moderate rates mixed with 1% urea. These findings revealed obviously that such weed control measure can minimize weed /wheat competition and consequently gave the highest reduction in weeds and increase wheat yield and its components.
https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_85665_d7069ddc1d004588d86c615b1678b525.pdf
2011-10-01
1393
1407
10.21608/jpp.2011.85665
I.
Soliman
1
Weed Res. Cent. Lab., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
G.
Abd El-Hamed
dr.galal.mohamed.hameed@gmail.com
2
Weed Res. Cent. Lab., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Fadl - Allah
3
Weed Res. Cent. Lab., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR