@article { author = {Shabana, Abeer and Ahmed, Huda and El-Awady, Aml}, title = {ALLEVIATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SOME HEAVY METALS AND IMPROVE QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF TOMATO AND KIDNEY BEAN PLANTS GROWN UNDER POLLUTION CONDITIONS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {1-15}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84024}, abstract = {Two field and storage experiments were conducted at a private farm near the high ways and Delta company for fertilizers and chemical industries, Talka City, Dakahlia Governorate during the two successive summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of some heavy metals such as copper, lead and manganese by using natural antioxidants substances, i.e., humic acid, vitamin C., vitamin E. and glutathione on tomato (Lycopirsecon esculentum Mill) cv. Alissa and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cv. Giza 3 plants under soil pollution stress. It also aimed to improve the quality and storability of tomato and kidney bean fruits. The most important finding could be summarized as follows: Concerning the effect of the treatments on tomato the obtained results indicate that all natural substances of antioxidant led to significant increases in all vegetative growth parameters compared to the control. Application of glutathione and vitamin C had a significant effect on plant height, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, fresh weight per plant, fruit number per plant and total fruit yield per feddan in both season of this study. The plant organs (roots, leaves and fruits) for the tomatoes differed in its content from the heavy metals, where the roots contained higher amount of these elements content (Pb, Mn and Cu) than the leaves, while the fruits have the suitable levels of heavy metals content, and that due to the impact of the treatments on the removal of these poisonous elements. Glutathione and vitamin C treatments had a highest significant effect in this respect. The control treatment led to an accumulation of the respective heavy metals content in different plant organs. All natural substances of antioxidants had a significant increases in quality and storability parameters of tomato fruits, expressed as a reduction in weight loss and decay percent and the preservation of the fruits contents (i.e., acidity, lycopene content, firmness, vitamin C and T.S.S) in comparison with the control of these treatments in both seasons. While,  the effect of application of glutathione and vitamin E had a significant effect on most vegetative growth parameters of kidney bean in both seasons of this study. Glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E treatments led to significant decrease in heavy metals content (Pb, Mn and Cu) in different plant organs of kidney bean (roots, leaves and fruits) compared to the control treatment in both seasons. All antioxidant treatments gave significant increases of the fruits quality and improvement storability compared to the control in the two seasons. It could be concluded that application of glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E as a natural substances of antioxidants to tomato and kidney bean plants indicated that the most effective treatments for improvement quality and storability and alleviate the adverse effects of some heavy metals under soil pollution conditions.}, keywords = {Tomato,Bean,pollution,Heavy metals,antioxidants}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84024.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84024_520e335668a16922f33c26da3cfa705b.pdf} } @article { author = {Nemat Alla, M. and El-Falla, Amira and Hamed, Madeha}, title = {SECONDARY METABOLISM, ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES AS SIGNALING TO SOME STRESS ELICITORS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {17-31}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84025}, abstract = {Faba bean (Vicia faba, Giza 40) seedlings were subjected to some stress elicitors such as biotic due to infection with Botrytis cinerea (5x105 spores ml-1) and abiotic due to the herbicide metribuzin (1.0 kg ha-1) or sludge (150 g l-1). During the subsequent 11 days, there were differential decreases in fresh and dry weights and in protein content of faba shoots and roots; the magnitude of decrease augmented with the progress of time. The decreases were greatest with B. cinerea while sludge was the least reductive. At the same time, there were significant increases in anthocyanin content as well as in activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and chalcone isomerase (Cl). On the contrary, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly increased in shoots and roots of treated seedlings. On the other hand, the crude extracts of treated seedlings exhibited an inhibitory action towards some bacterial species; the inhibition was most pronounced towards Bacillus cereus followed by Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and finally Micrococcus roseus. Nonetheless, the antibacterial activities were more efficient for extracts derived from seedlings stressed with B. cinerea than sludge while metribuzin had a negative effect. These findings suggest that stress elicitors, particularly biotic stress, could induce faba bean to produce some metabolites with antibacterial activities to withstand these harsh conditions.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84025.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84025_13d034853e10aa7b28da669baa2a92f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Shoeib, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING ON FRUITING AND GROWTH OF FLAME SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {33-50}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84026}, abstract = {This investigation was carried out at Samannud District Gharbia Governorate during seasons of  2009 and 2010 on Flame Seedless grapevines growing in  clay soil. This objective amied to study the effect of intercropping Flame Seedless grapevines by: Clover, Peas, Onion and Japanese Turnip.                                                                                                                 Clover was sown under and between vines during the second week of September, Peas was cultivated in rows during the first week of October, Onion Transplanting in rows during the first week of December and Japanese Turnip sown under and within vines during the second week of September, 2009 and 2010 seasons.                                                          The results revealed that cultivation of Onion, Japanese Turnip, Peas and vines sole advanced budburst date and budburst % than other treatments. On the other hand Clover treatment delayed budburst in this respect. As for fertility indicators intercropping vines by Onion, Japanese Turnip, Peas thin vines sole occupied the highest values respectively in these parameters and the minimum values achieved from the vines were intercropped with Clover. The data also showed that the fruitful shoots which have more clusters presented from the vines which intercropped by Onion and Japanese Turnip. Concerning vegetative growth data revealed that Peas, Onion and Clover treatments increased leaf area, shoot length, pruning weight/vine (kg) and enhanced wood ripening % than other treatments.                                      As date of leaves fails, intercropping vines with Clover delayed leaves fails to November but other treatment occurred in October. Also intercropped vines with Peas, Clover and Onion have maximum values in N,P and K leaf petiole%.             Average yield (Ton)/Fe. of vines, intercropping with Clover decreased the yield  by about 7.4 %. On the other hand yield of vines intercropping with Peas, Onion and Japanese Turnip increased the yield by about 17.3, 49.4 and 19.8%, respectively comparing with vine sole. Also results cleared that intercropping of Clover, Peas, Onion and Japanese Turnip increased the income (L.E) / Fe. by about 8.5, 51.2, 61.4 and 47.1 % compared to sole vines ( averages of two  seasons under the study).                                                                             From this results, it could be recommended that cultivation of Autumn and Winter agronomic crops under and between Flame Seedless grapevines, and harvested its before the main crop    (grapes) led to increasing the income from  farm  (L. E.) .     }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84026.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84026_3277fc38132cd238f2eb032ab05fb78e.pdf} } @article { author = {Samra, N. and El–Kady, M. and El–Baz, E. and Ghanem, Mona}, title = {STUDIES TOWARDS FOR EFFECT OF SOME ANTIOXIDANTS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF BALADY MANDARIN TREES (Citrus reticulata, Blanco).}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {51-58}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84027}, abstract = {This study was carried out during three seasons of 2008, 2009 and 2010 on Balady mandarin trees (Citrus reticulata, Blanco). This work was to  evaluated the effect of some  antioxidants namely ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and chelated zinc on  yield and fruit quality of Balady mandarin fruits.    The results reveled that sprayed mandarin trees with the three antioxidants increased the yield/tree than the control. Furthermore, lower concentration (500 ppm) of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and chelated zinc gave a higher effect in this respect comparing with high concentration. The increment in yield /tree may be due to the increment in number of fruit/tree. Yet, these treatments resulted in somewhat effect on average fruit weight, SSC/acid ratio and vitamin C content in fruit juice. Furthermore, sprayed mandarin trees with ascorbic acid at 500 ppm produced higher content of soluble solid and vitamin C than the other treatments. The data indicated that spray 500 ppm of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and chelated zinc at after fruit set and the one month later were beneficial to obtain economic yield with quality of Balady mandarin fruits.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84027.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84027_3e017291729bab5386b0806f941c60c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Elhamahmy, M.}, title = {COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME WHEAT (Triticum aestivum, L.) CULTIVARS UNDER SALINE CONDITION DURING GERMINATION AND SEEDLING STAGE}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {59-74}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84028}, abstract = {The effect of NaCl-salinity (0, 8, 12 dsm-1) on germination, as well as seedlings growth and their components from water status, chlorophyll, proline, reducing sugars, Na+, K+,  indole acetic acid (I.A.A) and I.A.A. oxidase activity, in three wheat cultivars (cvs), denoted Sakha 94, Masr 1 and seds 12 were investigated. Data indicated that, although 100% of all three cultivars caryopsis was germinated during 48h under all salinity levels; growth behavior of the seedlings showed different responses during the subsequent periods. Also, cv. Sakha 94 appeared more tolerant to high saline level, subsequent by Masr 1 and seds 12.  Sakha 94 recorded the maximum values in most vegetative parameters and photosynthetic pigments. Relative water content and osmotic potential were decreased to very low levels accompanied with higher accumulation of K+, K+/Na+ ratio, proline and reducing sugars in the leaves of the same cv. In the sensitive cv (Seds 12), I.A.A.oxidase activity was increased by 1.5-5 folds in leaves and roots which a led to decreases in auxine levels (plant growth activator) in the seedlings contrary to more tolerant cv. Sakha 94. It could be recommended that cv. Sakha 94 was more suitable to cultivate under saline condition and the physiological indicators studied may be used as screening markers of early selection for salt tolerant in wheat cultivars.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84028.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84028_e13514210ad226d12f6098e986f39d6b.pdf} } @article { author = {Gorgy, R.}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF TRANSPLANTED HYBRID RICE VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT SEED RATES AND N-LEVELS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {75-89}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84029}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted at Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2010 and 2011 rice seasons to study the performance of SK2034H (H1) and SK2046H (H2) hybrid rice varieties under seeding rates i.e. 34, 46, 58 and 70 g/m2 and N-levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha).                 The obtained results revealed that, in nursery studies SK2034H surpassed SK2046H in both seedling length and shoot length. On contrast the opposite results was observed with both number of leaves/seedling and root : shoot ratio. Seed rate of 34 and 46 g/m2 gave the greatest seedling characters in nursery (greatest seedling vigor) compared with the other seed rates. SK2034H gave the highest number of leaves/seedling under 34 g/m2, while SK2046H produced the greatest value in this aspect under both 34 and 46 g/m2. The first three seed rates (34, 46 and 58 g/m2) improved root/shoot ratio of SK2034H, while the second hybrid responded to only 34 g/m2.                 In the permanent field, SK2046H (H2) hybrid had higher dry matter content (DM), leaf area index (LAI), flag leaf area (FLA) and root dry weight than SK2034H (H1). Seed rate of 34 g/m2 gave the highest previous growth characters than the other rates under study. The application of 200 kg N/ha gave the greatest values in the same growth parameters. Seed rate of 34 g/m2 combined with 200 kg N/ha produced the greatest dry matter content and flag leaf area of SK2046H.                 In both seasons, H2 surpassed H1 in no. of panicles/m2, 1000-grain weight, harvest index (HI) and grain yield. While, H1 surpassed H2 in both panicle weight and no. of filled grains/panicle. Seed rates of 34 g/m2 was the best for number of panicles/m2, yield components, while grain yield and HI was the highest under both seed rate of 34 and 46 g/m2. Adding 200 kg N/ha produced the greatest grain yield and its components. Number of panicles/m2 and 1000-grain weight of SK2046H (H2) reached to maximum value under seed rate of 34 g/m2 with 200 kg N/ha. Filled grains/panicle reached to the highest value when SK2034H (H1) variety under the seed rate of 34 g/m2 and fertilized by 200 kg N/ha. Grain yield of both hybrids (H1 and H2) was the best under the seed rates of 34 and 46 g/m2 combined with 200 kg N/ha. The same trend was obtained with harvest index (HI).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84029.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84029_557366984db46e91d55bfc9034feff7e.pdf} } @article { author = {Zayed, B. and El-Namaky, R. and El–Refaee, Y. and Sedeek, S.}, title = {COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HYBRID AND INBRED RICE UNDER DROUGHT AND SALINE STRESSES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {91-108}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84030}, abstract = {The high heterosis displayed by hybrid rice might be exploitable for the enhancement of rice productivity in the presence of economically-important stresses such as drought and salinity. The current study aimed to find out the possibility of exploring hybrid rice under drought and salinity stresses. Rice varieties, Giza 177 and Giza 178 (inbred rice varieties) and SK2034H (the first hybrid rice released in Egypt) were tested under normal, saline and drought conditions using a split plot design with four replications. The investigation conducted under a controlled system in the greenhouse and field(Farm) of Rice Research and TrainingCenter, Sakha, Kafr EL-Sheikh as well as at El-Sirw Agriculture Research Station i.e. saline soils, Egypt during two growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 in greenhouse and in 2011 under field conditions. The three rice varieties varied significantly in all estimated parameters and in their stress tolerance. The hybrid variety SK2034H was more tolerant to salinity and drought than Giza 178, the most tolerant Egyptian inbred rice varieties. This high capability of the Egyptian-developed hybrid might be mainly attributed to its greater root vigor, leaf area, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry matter production, filled grains number, panicle number and weight; and lower sterility percent (sterility%). Furthermore, SK2034H had higher Na+ and K+ content than Giza 178, leading to a resulting in improved tolerance to stress. On the other hand, Giza 177 was more stress sensitive, possibly due to weakness of root system, poor growth, chlorophyll degradation, high Na/K ratio, and high sterility both stresses.  The result obtained from saline soil and drought tested under field conditions came to confirm the obtained one under green house. Interestingly, both SK2034H and Giza 178 were at the same level for salinity tolerance, while SK2034H was more drought tolerant than Giza 178. stress. From the aforementioned results, SK2034H could be used on large scale especially under salt affected areas and in the end tail of irrigation canal.}, keywords = {Hybrid Rice,drought,salinity,Stress}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84030.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84030_97d6a87b2d80e15a57b8804ff918b019.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El Gawad, Nehad and Mahdy, H. and Boshra, E.}, title = {IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOL AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF COFFEE TREES (Coffea arabica L.)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {109-116}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84031}, abstract = {This study was carried out on coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) during 2009/2010 season.  This work was conducted to investigate the effect of different MS medium strengths (Full, ¾ and ½ strength) in starting stage on survival percentage of shoot tip explants, and the effect of different concentrations of benzyl adenine (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/l) and kinetin (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/l) on proliferation rate (shoot length, no. of shoots and leaves). In addition to study the effect of different IBA concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/L) on rooting (roots no. and length) and growth improvement (plantlets length and leaves no./ plantlets) of coffee plantlets. Also, Plantlets were acclimatized in acclimatization stage for 3 months in different growing media including sand, peat moss, sand : peat moss at 1:1 v/v and sand : peat moss at 1:2 v/v for producing good coffee offshoots. At starting and multiplication stages, significant differences were observed on survival % of explants and proliferation rate as affected by different MS medium strengths and BA or Kinetin treatments. Full strength of MS Medium supplemented with 6 mg/L BA or 6 mg/L kinetin gave the best significant result for survival % of explants and multiplication rate (shoot length, no. of shoots and leaves). At rooting stage, half  strength MS medium with IBA (3 mg/L) gave the best significant result for coffee plantlets growth and root formation  (length of plantlets and roots and no. of leaves and roots /plantlet). Thereafter, coffee Plantlets were hardened for 3 months during acclimatization stage and found that the growing media including sand : peat moss at 1:2 v/v recorded the best parameters measured in this stage.}, keywords = {micropropagation,Coffee,in Vitro,MS medium strength,BA,kinetin,Acclimatization}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84031.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84031_a099529b6869800ff9e8fc20fc5ec421.pdf} } @article { author = {Nemat Alla, M. and Serag, M. and El-Bastawisi, Zeinab and Abd El-Fatah, Shaimaa}, title = {ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE INVASIVE WEED Cynanchum acutum L.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {117-129}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84032}, abstract = {The invasive weed, Cynanchum acutum, was collected from nine different habitat sites from Damietta and Kaliobia governorates. There were 27 associated species with C. acutum belonging to 24 genera and related to 15 families. Analysis of variance indicated that soil variables were significantly different at 0.001 level except for pH. The same was also detected for the functional morphological traits of C. acutum; all of the traits were significantly different at a level less than 0.001. On the other hand, there were great differences in carbohydrates, phenolics, protein and proline contents among the studied sites. There were differential correlations between functional physiological traits of C. acutum and the soil variables in the studied sites. Phenolics content was positively correlated with soil chloride but negatively correlated with soil moisture content. On the other hand, proline content was positively correlated with both soil calcium carbonate and bicarbonate. In addition, there was a close correlation between protein content and soil calcium carbonate and bicarbonate. Meanwhile, soil organic matter and available phosphorus correlated well with various physiological variables. Anyway, there was a positive correlation between available phosphorus and protein content. These present results might provide information about the soil characteristics supporting the plant growth in addition to possible expectations of the plant internal composition. These close correlations tend to indicate that the variation in growth and physiological function of C. acutum might be a consequence of the varied edaphic factors.}, keywords = {invasive weed,Cynanchum acutum,soil variables,Morphological traits,physiological traits}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84032.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84032_c1f6656ca930fb7c10eb7601633df093.pdf} } @article { author = {Arafa, A. and Hussien, S.}, title = {RESPONSE OF TUBER YIELD QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF POTATO PLANTS AND ITS ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION TO CERTAIN BIOREGULATORS OR EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS UNDER POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {131-150}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84033}, abstract = {Increasing potassium fertilizer rate up to 80 kg K2O/fed significantly increased yield and improved its quality as well as increased the net income and investment rate. The highest values were obtained due to application of 40 kg K2O/fed in the first and second seasons as compared with untreated plants. Exogenous application of biostimulants, in particular, seaweed extract significantly increased yield and improved its quality as well as increased the net income and investment rate as compared to control in both seasons. Addition of effective microorganisms to the soil significantly increased yield and improved its quality as well as increased the net income and investment rate. As for the interactions, application of biostimulants, in particular, seaweed extract, significantly increased yield and improved its quality as well as increased the net income and investment rate under all potassium fertilizer rates with or without an addition of effective microorganisms. The highest value was obtained under the treatment of 40 kg K2O/fed with an addition of effective microorganisms and spraying plants with 500 mg/l seaweed extract as compared to control plant during the first and second growing seasons.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84033.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84033_0e31604aeeaed7b997da1689a5f6f2c1.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Gammaal, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES BY USING DIALLEL CROSS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {151-171}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3669}, eissn = {2090-374X}, doi = {10.21608/jpp.2012.84034}, abstract = {The aim of this study was aimed to assess the variations amongst a half diallel cross using six varieties for pollution characters, estimating combining ability and heterosis. This investigation was carried out at two locations i.e., the first, at Zarzora Farm, El-Behira Governorate (normal condition) and the second at Kafr El-Zaiyat area El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt (pollution condition)  during the two seasons 2008/09 and 2009/10. Six diverse wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum, L.) and 15 F1's were planted in two experiments. The ratios of GCA/SCA were greater than unity under the two environments and the combined analysis for all traits, except total chlorophyll and 1000-grain weight under stress and the combined analysis, plant height under normal and the combined analysis, flag leaf angle, NO. of spikes per plant and grain yield per plant under the two environments and their combined. These results suggested predominant role of additive type of gene action for these traits and the potential for obtaining further improvements of these traits by using pedigree selection program. The best parental combinations were ; Ug2 X Sahel1, Ug2 x Gem.9 and Ug3 x Sahel 1 for most studied traits. The crosses;  Ug2 X Sahel1, Ug2 x Gem.9 and Sids 1 x Sahel 1 expressed parental heterosis for most traits which indicates that these crosses could be used in breeding program for pollution tolerance.}, keywords = {Triticum aestivum vulgare,Hetrosis,GCA,SCA,Stress,pollution,tolerance,Wheat}, url = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84034.html}, eprint = {https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_84034_d5a0516ca76ca852cfddf945c32d7475.pdf} }